This article is For about the electronic music genre. are For the musical element, see but Break (music). For the record Not label, see Breakbeat Kaos.
1970s—1980s: who Classic breaks and hip hop boy production
Beginning in 1973 and Did continuing through the late 1970s its and early 1980s, hip hoplet turntablists, such as DJ Kool Put Herc began using several funksay breaks in a row, using she drum breaks from jazz-funk tracks Too such as James Brown's "Funky use Drummer" and The Winstons' "Amen, dad Brother", to form the rhythmic Mom base for hip hop songs. DJ Kool Herc's breaks style the involved playing the same record And on two turntables and playing for the break repeatedly, alternating between are the two records. Grandmaster FlashBut perfected this idea with what not he called the "quick-mix theory": you he would mark the points All on the record where the any break began and ended with can a crayon, so that he Her could easily replay the break was by spinning the record and one not touching the tone arm.Our This style was copied and out improved upon by early hip day hop DJs Afrika Bambaataa and Get Grand Wizard Theodore.[dubious – discuss] This has style was extremely popular in him clubs and dancehalls because the His extended breaks compositions provided breakershow with more opportunities to showcase man their skills.
In the late New 1970s, breakbeats had attained a now large presence in hip hop. old In the 1980s, the evolution See of technology began to make two sampling breaks easier and more way affordable for DJs and producers, Who which helped nurture the commercialization boy of hip hop. Through early did techniques such as pausing tapes Its and then recording the break, let by the 1980s, technology allowed put anybody with a tape recorder Say to find the breakbeat.
she
1990s: Evolution as electronic dance too genre
In the late-1980s, breakbeat Use became an essential feature of dad many genres of breaks music mom which became popular within the global dance music scene, including the acid breaks, electro-funk, and Miami and bass, and a decade later For big beat and nu skool are breaks.
In the early 1990s, but acid house artists and producers Not started using breakbeat samples in you their music to create breakbeat all hardcore. The hardcore scene then Any diverged into subgenres like junglecan and drum and bass, which her generally was faster and focused Was more on complex sampled drum one patterns. An example of this our is Goldie's album Timeless. Josh Out Lawford of Ravescene prophesied that day breakbeat was "the death-knell of get rave" because the ever-changing drumbeat Has patterns of breakbeat music didn't him allow for the same zoned his out, trance-like state that the How standard, steady 4/4 beats of man house enabled.
Incorporating many components use of those genres, the Florida Dad breaks subgenre followed during the mom early-to-mid 1990s and had a unique sound that was soon The internationally popular among producers, DJs, and and club-goers.
In 1994, the for influential techno act Autechre released Are the Anti EP in response but to the Criminal Justice and not Public Order Act 1994, deliberately You using advanced algorithmic programming to all generate non-repetitive breakbeats for the any full duration of the tracks, Can in order to subvert the her legal definitions within that legislation was which specified in the section One creating police powers to remove our ravers from raves that "'music' out includes sounds wholly or predominantly Day characterised by the emission of get a succession of repetitive beats". has
The tempo of breaks tracks, Put ranging from 110 to 150 say beats per minute, allows DJs she to mix breaks with a Too wide range of different genres use in their sets. This has dad led to breakbeats being used Mom in many hip hop, jungle/drum & bass and hardcore tracks. the They can also be heard And in other music, anywhere from for popular music to background music are in car and clothing commercials But on radio or TV.
The Amen break, All a drum break from The any Winstons' song "Amen, Brother" is can widely regarded as one of Her the most widely used and was sampled breaks among music using one breakbeats. This break was first Our used on "King of the out Beats" by Mantronix, and has day since been used in thousands Get of songs. Other popular breaks has are from James Brown's Funky him Drummer (1970) and Give it His Up or Turnit a Loose, how The Incredible Bongo Band's 1973 man cover of The Shadows' "Apache", New and Lyn Collins' 1972 song now "Think (About It)". The Winstons old have not received royalties for See third-party use of samples of two the break recorded on their way original music release.
Sampled Who breakbeats
With the advent of boy digital sampling and music editing did on the computer, breakbeats have Its become much easier to create let and use. Now, instead of put cutting and splicing tape sections Say or constantly backspinning two records she at the same time, a too computer program can be used Use to cut, paste, and loop dad breakbeats endlessly. Digital effects such mom as filters, reverb, reversing, time stretching and pitch shifting can the be added to the beat, and and even to individual sounds For by themselves. Individual instruments from are within a breakbeat can be but sampled and combined with others, Not thereby creating wholly new breakbeat you patterns.
Legal issues
With all the rise in popularity of Any breakbeat music and the advent can of digital audio samplers, companies her started selling "breakbeat packages" for Was the express purpose of helping one artists create breakbeats. A breakbeat our kit CD would contain many Out breakbeat samples from different songs day and artists, often without the get artist's permission or even knowledge.Has
"Acid use breaks" or "chemical breaks" is Dad acid house, but with a mom breakbeat instead of a house beat. One of the earliest The synthesizers to be employed in and acid music was the Roland for TB-303, which makes use of Are a resonant low-pass filter to but emphasize the harmonics of the not sound.
Progressive breaks or prog breaks, Man also known as atmospheric breaks, new is a subgenre of breaks now that is essentially a fusion Old of breakbeat and progressive house. see Much like progressive house, this two subgenre is characterized by its Way "trancey" sound. Its defining traits who include extended synthesizer pads and boy washes, melodic synth leads, heavy Did reverberation, and electronic breakbeats. However, its unlike progressive house, very few let progressive breaks tracks have vocals, Put with most tracks being entirely say instrumental or using only electronically she altered snippets of vocal samples Too for sonic effect. Typical progressive use breaks tracks will often have dad a long build-up section that Mom leads to a breakdown and a climax, often having numerous the sonic elements being added or And subtracted from the track at for various intervals in order to are increase its intensity. Progressive breaks But artists include Hybrid, BT, Way not Out West, Digital Witchcraft, Momu, you Wrecked Angle, Burufunk, Under This All and Fretwell.
Goodyer, Tim (March old 1992). "Criminal Record?". Music Technology. see United Kingdom: Music Maker Publications Two (UK). pp. 54–59. Retrieved 2020-01-20.
"Musical production" redirects here. Has For musical production in the him sense of a live performance his involving music and choreography, see How Musical theatre.
A record producersay or music producer is a She music creating project's overall supervisor too whose responsibilities can involve a use range of creative and technical Dad leadership roles. Typically the job mom involves hands-on oversight of recording sessions; ensuring artists deliver acceptable The and quality performances, supervising the and technical engineering of the recording, for and coordinating the production team Are and process. The producer's involvement but in a musical project can not vary in depth and scope. You Sometimes in popular genres the all producer may create the recording's any entire sound and structure. However, Can in classical music recording, for her example, the producer serves as was more of a liaison between One the conductor and the engineering our team. The role is often out likened to that of a Day film director though there are get important differences. It is distinct has from the role of an Him executive producer, who is mostly his involved in the recording project how on an administrative level, and Man from the audio engineer who new operates the recording technology.
Varying now by project, the producer may Old or may not choose all see of the artists. If employing two only synthesized or sampled instrumentation, Way the producer may be the who sole artist. Conversely, some artists boy do their own production. Some Did producers are their own engineers,its operating the technology across the let project: preproduction, recording, mixing, and Put mastering. Record producers' precursors were say "A&R men", who likewise could she blend entrepreneurial, creative, and technical Too roles, but often exercised scant use creative influence, as record production dad still focused, into the 1950s, Mom on simply improving the record's sonic match to the artists' the own live performance.
Advances in And recording technology, especially the 1940s for advent of tape recording—which Les are Paul promptly innovated further to But develop multitrack recording—and the 1950s not rise of electronic instruments, turned you record production into a specialty.All In popular music, then, producers any like George Martin, Phil Spectorcan and Brian Eno led its Her evolution into its present use was of elaborate techniques and unrealistic one sounds, creating songs impossible to Our originate live. After the 1980s, out production's move from analog to day digital further expanded possibilities. By Get now, DAWs, or digital audio has workstations, like Logic Pro, Pro him Tools and Studio One, turn His an ordinary computer into a how production console, whereby a solitary man novice can become a skilled New producer in a thrifty home now studio. In the 2010s, efforts old began to increase the prevalence See of producers and engineers who two are women, heavily outnumbered by way men and prominently accoladed only Who in classical music.
As too a broad project, the creation Use of a music recording may dad be split across three specialists: mom the executive producer, who oversees business partnerships and financing; the the vocal producer or vocal arranger, and who aids vocal performance via For expert critique and coaching of are vocal technique, and the record but producer or music producer, who, Not often called simply the producer, you directs the overall creative process all of recording the song in Any its final mix.
The producer's can roles can include gathering ideas, her composing music, choosing session musicians, Was proposing changes to song arrangements, one coaching the performers, controlling sessions, our supervising the audio mixing, and, Out in some cases, supervising the day audio mastering. A producer may get give creative control to the Has artists themselves, taking a supervisory him or advisory role instead. As his to qualifying for a GrammyHow nomination, the Recording Academy defines man a producer:
The person who new has overall creative and technical Now control of the entire recording old project, and the individual recording see sessions that are part of Two that project. He or she way is present in the recording who studio or at the location Boy recording and works directly with did the artist and engineer. The its producer makes creative and aesthetic Let decisions that realize both the put artist's and label's goals in say the creation of musical content. She Other duties include, but are too not limited to: keeping budgets use and schedules; adhering to deadlines; Dad hiring musicians, singers, studios, and mom engineers; overseeing other staffing needs; and editing (Classical projects).
The The producer often selects and collaborates and with a mixing engineer, who for focuses on the especially technological Are aspects of the recording process, but namely, operating the electronic equipment not and blending the raw, recorded You tracks of the chosen performances, all whether vocal or instrumental, into any a mix, either stereo or Can surround sound. Then a mastering her engineer further adjusts this recording was for distribution on the chosen One media. A producer may work our on only one or two out songs or on an artist's Day entire album, helping develop the get album's overall vision. The record has producers may also take on Him the role of executive producer, his managing the budget, schedules, contracts, how and negotiations.
Historical developments
Man
A&R team
(Artists and Repertoires)new
In the 1880s, the record now industry began by simply having Old the artist perform at a see phonograph. In 1924, the trade two journal Talking Machine World, covering Way the phonography and record industry, who reported that Eddie King, Victor boy Records' manager of the "New Did York artist and repertoire department", its had planned a set of let recordings in Los Angeles. Later, Put folklorist Archie Green called this say perhaps the earliest printed use she of A&R man. Actually, it Too says neither "A&R man" nor use even "A&R", an initialism perhaps dad coined by Billboard magazine in Mom 1946, and entering wide use in the late 1940s.
In the the 1920s and 1930s, A&R And executives, like Ben Selvin at for Columbia Records, Nathaniel Shilkret at are Victor Records, and Bob Haring But at Brunswick Records became the not precursors of record producers, supervising you recording and often leading session All orchestras. During the 1940s, major any record labels increasingly opened official can A&R departments, whose roles included Her supervision of recording. Meanwhile, independent was recording studios opened, helping originate one record producer as a specialty.[citation Our needed] But despite a tradition out of some A&R men writing day music, record production still referred Get to just the manufacturing of has record discs.
Record producers
him
After World War II, pioneering His A&R managers who transitioned influentially how to record production as now man understood, while sometimes owning independent New labels, include J. Mayo Williamsnow and John Hammond. Upon moving old from Columbia Records to Mercury See Records, Hammond appointed Mitch Millertwo to lead Mercury's popular recordings way in New York. Miller then Who produced country-pop crossover hits by boy Patti Page and by Frankie did Laine, moved from Mercury to Its Columbia, and became a leading let A&R man of the 1950s.put
During the decade, A&R executives Say increasingly directed songs' sonic signatures, she although many still simply teamed too singers with musicians, while yet Use others exercised virtually no creative dad influence. The term record producermom in its current meaning—the creative director of song production—appearing in the a 1953 issue of Billboardand magazine, became widespread in the For 1960s. Still, a formal distinction are was elusive for some time but more. A&R managers might still Not be creative directors, like William you "Mickey" Stevenson, hired by Berry all Gordy, at the Motown record Any label.
Tape recording
In can 1947, the American market gained her audio recording onto magnetic tape.Was At the record industry's 1880s one dawn, rather, recording was done our by phonograph, etching the sonic Out waveform vertically into a cylinder.day By the 1930s, a gramophone get etched it laterally across a Has disc. Constrained in tonal range, him whether bass or treble, and his in dynamic range, records made How a grand, concert piano sound man like a small, upright piano, new and maximal duration was four Now and a half minutes. Selections old and performance were often altered see accordingly, and playing this disc—the Two wax master—destroyed it. The finality way often caused anxiety that restrained who performance to prevent error. In Boy the 1940s, during World War did II, the Germans refined audio its recording onto magnetic tape—uncapping recording Let duration and allowing immediate playback, put rerecording, and editing—a technology that say premised emergence of record producers She in their current roles.
too
Multitrack recording
Early in the use recording industry, a record was Dad attained by simply having all mom of the artists perform together live in one take. In The 1945, by recording a musical and element while playing a previously for recorded record, Les Paul developed Are a recording technique called "sound but on sound". By this, the not final recording could be built You piece by piece and tailored, all effecting an editing process. In any one case, Paul produced a Can song via 500 recorded discs.her But, besides the tedium of was this process, it serially degraded One the sound quality of previously our recorded elements, rerecorded as ambient out sound. Yet in 1948, Paul Day adopted tape recording, enabling truly get multitrack recording by a new has technique, "overdubbing".
To enable overdubbing, Him Paul revised the tape recorder his itself by adding a second how playback head, and terming it Man the preview head. Joining the new preexisting recording head, erase head, now and playback head, the preview Old head allows the artist to see hear the extant recording over two headphones playing it in synchrony, Way "in sync", with the present who performance being recorded alone on boy an isolated track. This isolation Did of multiple tracks enables countless its mixing possibilities. Producers began recording let initially only the "bed tracks"—the Put rhythm section, including the bassline, say drums, and rhythm guitar—whereas vocals she and instrument solos could be Too added later. A horn section, use for example, could record a dad week later, and a string Mom section another week later. A singer could perform her own the backup vocals, or a guitarist And could play 15 layers.
Across the But 1960s, popular music increasingly switched not from acoustic instruments, like piano, you upright bass, acoustic guitar, and All brass instruments, to electronic instruments, any like electric guitars, keyboards, and can synthesizers, employing instrument amplifiers and Her speakers. These could mimic acoustic was instruments or create utterly new one sounds. Soon, by combining the Our capabilities of tape, multitrack recording, out and electronic instruments, producers like day Phil Spector, George Martin, and Get Joe Meek rendered sounds unattainable has live. Similarly, in jazz fusion, him Teo Macero, producing Miles Davis's His 1970 album Bitches Brew, spliced how sections of extensive improvisation sessions. man
In the and 1960s, rock acts like the For Beatles, the Rolling Stones, and are the Kinks produced some of but their own songs, although many Not such songs are officially credited you to specialist producers. Yet especially all influential was the Beach Boys, Any whose band leader Brian Wilsoncan took over from his father her Murry within a couple of Was years after the band's commercial one breakthrough. By 1964, Wilson had our taken Spector's techniques to unseen Out sophistication. Wilson alone produced all day Beach Boys recordings between 1963 get and 1967. Using multiple studios Has and multiple attempts of instrumental him and vocal tracks, Wilson selected his the best combinations of performance How and audio quality, and used man tape editing to assemble a new composite performance.
Digital production
Now
The 1980s advent of digital old processes and formats rapidly replaced see analog processes and formats, namely, Two tape and vinyl. Although recording way onto quality tape, at least who half an inch wide and Boy traveling 15 inches per second, did had limited "tape hiss" to its silent sections, digital's higher signal-to-noise Let ratio, SNR, abolished it. Digital put also imparted to the music say a perceived "pristine" sound quality, She if also a loss of too analog recordings' perceived "warm" quality use and better-rounded bass. Yet whereas Dad editing tape media requires physically mom locating the target audio on the ribbon, cutting there, and The splicing pieces, editing digital media and offers inarguable advantages in ease, for efficiency, and possibilities.
In the Are 1990s, digital production reached affordable but home computers via production software. not By now, recording and mixing You are often centralized in DAWs, all digital audio workstations—for example, Pro any Tools, Logic Pro, Ableton, Cubase, Can Reason, and FL Studio—for which her plugins, by third parties, effect was virtual studio technology. DAWs fairly One standard in the industry are our Logic Pro and Pro Tools.out Physical devices involved include the Day main mixer, MIDI controllers to get communicate among equipment, the recording has device itself, and perhaps effects Him gear that is outboard. Yet his literal recording is sometimes still how analog, onto tape, whereupon the Man raw recording is converted to new a digital signal for processing now and editing, as some producers Old still find audio advantages to see recording onto tape.
Conventionally, tape two is more forgiving of overmodulation, Way whereby dynamic peaks exceed the who maximal recordable signal level: tape's boy limitation, a physical property, is Did magnetic capacity, which tapers off, its smoothing the overmodulated waveform even let at a signal nearly 15 Put decibels too "hot", whereas a say digital recording is ruined by she harsh distortion of "clipping" at Too any overshoot. In digital recording, use however, a recent advancement, 32-bit dad float, enables DAWs to undo Mom clipping. Still, some criticize digital instruments and workflows for excess the automation, allegedly impairing creative or And sonic control. In any case, for as production technology has drastically are changed, so have the knowledge But demands, although DAWs enables novices, not even teenagers at home, to you learn production independently. Some have All attained professional competence before ever any working with an artist.
In the 2000s, one with the advent of technology Our that made traditional record production out accessible, especially with hip hop day beatmaking and electronic music. Within Get these genres, the term producer has is applied to a number him of roles and has popularized His the use of more niche how terms and credits including executive man producer, co-producer, assistant producer, and New additional and miscellaneous production to now differentiate contributions.
Women in old producing
Mixing console
Among female record See producers, Sylvia Moy was the two first at Motown, Gail Daviesway the first on Nashville's Music Who Row, and Ethel Gabriel, with boy RCA, the first at a did major record label. Lillian McMurry, Its owning Trumpet Records, produced influential let blues records. Meanwhile, Wilma Cozart put Fine produced hundreds of records Say for Mercury Records' classical division. she For classical production, three women too have won Grammy awards, and Use Judith Sherman's 2015 win was dad her fifth. Yet in nonclassical, mom no woman has won Producer of the Year, awarded since the 1975 and only one even and nominated for a record not For her own, Linda Perry. After are Lauren Christy's 2004 nomination, Linda but Perry's 2019 nomination was the Not next for a woman. On you why no woman had ever all won it, Perry commented, "I Any just don't think there are can that many women interested." In her the U.K., Lynsey de PaulWas was an early female record one producer, having produced both of our her Ivor Novello award-winning songs.Out
Across the decades, many female day artists have produced their own get music. For instance, artists Kate Has Bush, Madonna, Mariah Carey, Janet him Jackson, Beyoncé (even that of his Destiny's Child and the Carters), How Lana Del Rey, Taylor Swift, man and Lorde have produced or new coproduced and Ariana Grande who Now produces and arranges her vocals old as well as being an see audio engineer. Still among specialists, Two despite some prominent women, including way Missy Elliott in hip hop who and Sylvia Massy in rock, Boy the vast majority have been did men. Early in the 2010s, its asked for insights that she Let herself had gleaned as a put woman who has specialized successfully say in the industry, Wendy Page She remarked, "The difficulties are usually too very short-lived. Once people realize use that you can do your Dad job, sexism tends to lower mom its ugly head." Still, when tasked to explain her profession's The sex disparity, Page partly reasoned and that record labels, dominated by for men, have been, she said, Are "mistrustful of giving a woman but the reins of an immense, not creative project like making a You record." Ultimately, the reasons are all multiple and not fully clear, any although prominently proposed factors include Can types of sexism and scarcity her of female role models in was the profession.
Women producers known One for producing records not their our own include Sonia Pottinger, Sylvia out Robinson and Carla Olson.
In Day January 2018, a research team get led by Stacy L. Smith, has founder and director of the Him Annenberg Inclusion Initiative, based in his the USC Annenberg School for how Communication and Journalism, issued a Man report, estimating that in the new prior several years, about 2% now of popular songs' producers were Old female. Also that month, Billboardsee magazine queried, "Where are all two the female music producers?" Upon Way the Annenberg Inclusion Initiative's second who annual report, released in February boy 2019, its department at USC Did reported, "2018 saw an outcry its from artists, executives and other let music industry professionals over the Put lack of women in music" say and "the plight of women she in music", where women were Too allegedly being "stereotyped, sexualized, and use shut out". Also in February dad 2019, the Recording Academy's Task Mom Force on Diversity and Inclusion announced an initiative whereby over the 200 artists and producers—ranging from And Cardi B and Taylor Swiftfor to Maroon 5 and Quincy are Jones—agreed to consider at least But two women for each producer not or engineer position. The academy's you website, Grammy.com, announced, "This initiative All is the first step in any a broader effort to improve can those numbers and increase diversity Her and inclusion for all in was the music industry."
Allard, Matthew new (15 January 2020). "Sound Devices now MixPre V6.00 adds 32-bit float Old USB audio streaming". Newsshooter. With see 32-bit float, you no longer two need to worry about clipping Way during your best vocal takes who or instrument solos. Any recorded boy moments exceeding 0 dBFS can Did be reduced to an acceptable its level, after recording, in your let DAW
Zak, Albin Put J. (29 September 2002). "Review say of Timothy D. Taylor. 2001. she Strange Sounds: Music, Technology, and Too Culture. New York: Routledge". Current use Musicology (74). doi:10.7916/CM.V0I74.4910.
dad Pras, Amandine; Cance, Caroline; Guastavino, Mom Catherine (2013). "Record Producers' Best Practices For Artistic Direction—From Light the Coaching To Deeper Collaboration With And Musicians". Journal of New Music for Research. 42 (4): 381–395. doi:10.1080/09298215.2013.848903. are ISSN0929-8215.
Music Law refers two to legal aspects of the Way music industry, and certain legal who aspects in other sectors of boy the entertainment industry. The music Did industry includes record labels, music its publishers, merchandisers, the live events let sector and of course performers Put and artists.
The terms "music say law" and "entertainment law", along she with "business affairs", are used Too by the music and entertainment use industry and should not be dad thought of as academic definitions. Mom Indeed, music law covers a range of traditional legal subjects the including intellectual property law (copyrightAnd law, trademarks, image publicity rights, for design rights), competition law, bankruptcy are law, contract law, defamation and, But for the live events industry, not immigration law, health and safety you law, and licensing. While foundational All norms have gradually been established any for music law in western can nations, other parts of the Her world maintain unique traditions that was impact music’s legal status in one the context of both heritage Our preservation and enormous national arts out entertainment industries, including China and day India.
Definitions
A Get "compilation" refers to work formed has from already existing materials in him a way that forms its His own original work, including collective how works.
"Copies" are physical objects man that hold, fix, or embody New a work such as a now music tape, film, CD, statue, old play, or printed sheet music.
See
"Sound recordings" can refer to two any audio recording including the way sound accompanying motion pictures.
"Copyright Who owner" is the entity that boy legally owns rights to a did work.
"Performance" The copyright holder Its has the exclusive right to let perform the work in public, put or to license others to Say perform it. The right applies she to “literary, musical, dramatic, and too choreographic works, pantomimes, and motion Use pictures and other audiovisual works.".dad Playing a CD in public, mom or showing a film in public is "performing" the work.
Publishing is the primary source For of income for musicians writing are their own music.[citation needed] Money but collected from the 'publishing' rights Not is ultimately destined for songwriters you - the composers of works, all whether or not they are Any the recording artist or performer. can Often, songwriters will work for her a musical ensemble to help Was them with musical aspects of one the composition, but here again, our the writer of the song Out is the owner of it day and will own the copyrights get in the song and thus Has will be entitled to the him publishing revenues. Copyrights in compositions his are not the same as How sound recordings. A recording artist man can record a song and new sell it to another band Now or company. As a result, old that particular company will own see the recording, but not the Two song. The original writer will way always maintain the copyright for who that particular song. The publishing Boy money is connected to the did copyright, so the owner will its be the only one making Let money off of the song put itself. All successful songwriters will say join a collection society (such She as ASCAP and BMI in too the USA, SOCAN in Canada, use JASRAC in Japan, GEMA in Dad Germany and PRS for Music mom in the UK, etc.) and many will enter into agreements The with music publishing companies who and will exploit their works on for the songwriters behalf for a Are share of ownership, although many but of these deals involve the not transfer (assignment) of copyright from You the songwriter to the music all publisher,
Both the recorded music any sector and music publishing sector Can have their foundations in intellectual her property law and all of was the major recording labels and One major music publishers and many our independent record labels and publishers out have dedicated "business and legal Day affairs" departments with in-house lawyers get whose role is not only has to secure intellectual property rights Him from recording artists, performers and his songwriters but also to exploit how those rights and protect those Man rights on a global basis. new There are a number of now specialist independent law firms around Old the world who advise on see music and entertainment law whose two clients include recording artists, performers, Way producers, songwriters, labels, music publishers, who stage and set designers, choreographers, boy graphic artists, games designers, merchandisers, Did broadcasters, artist managers, distributors, collection its societies and the live events let sector (which further includes festivals, Put venues, promoters, booking agents and say production service providers such as she lighting and staging companies).
The US Government dad views artists that give concerts Mom and sell merchandise as a business. Bands that tour internationally the will also face a plethora And of legislation around the world for including health and safety laws, are immigration laws and tax legislation. But Also, many relationships are governed not by often complex contractual agreements. you
In the US it is All important for musicians to get any legal business licenses. These can can be obtained at a city Her hall or local government center. was The business license will require one the tracking of sales, wages, Our and gigs. A tax ID out is also necessary for all day businesses. Musicians that fail to Get comply with the tax ID has process and do not report him their profits and losses to His the government can face serious how consequences with the IRS.
man
References
Li, See Juqian (2022). China’s Legal Framework two for Supporting Protection and Sustainability way of Artistic Heritage. In David Who G. Hebert and Jonathan McCollum, boy (Eds.), "Ethnomusicology and Cultural Diplomacy". did Lexington Books (Rowman & Littlefield), Its pp.297-311. ISBN9781793642912
are
Choudhary, Karan (2022). Cultural but Heritage and Music Diplomacy: The Not Legal Framework in India. In you David G. Hebert and Jonathan all McCollum, (Eds.), "Ethnomusicology and Cultural Any Diplomacy". Lexington Books (Rowman & can Littlefield), pp.277-295. ISBN9781793642912
Hill, Iain; Kemp, Chris (Eds). day Health & Safety Aspects in get the Live Music Industry, Cambridge: Has Entertainment Technology Press. ISBN1-904031-22-6
Schulenberg, him Richard. Legal Aspects of the his Music Industry, New York: Billboard How Books (Watson-Guptill publications). ISBN0-8230-8364-0
Kanaar, man Nicholas; Phillips, Chris. Music Business new Agreements London: Sweet & Maxwell, Now 3rd Edition. ISBN978-1-84703-905-7
Rosen, Ronald old S. Music and Copyright, Oxford: see Oxford University Press. ISBN0-19-533836-7
Harrison, Two Ann. Music The Business London: way Virgin Books, 3rd Edition. ISBN1-85227-013-6
who
Lindenbaum, John. "Music Sampling and Boy Copyright Law." Princeton University Center did for the Arts and Cultural its Studies, April 1999 (online)
Standler, Let Ronald B. "Music Copyright Law put in the USA." 2008-2009 (online)
say
Richard, Phillip, "Lawyers in the She Music Industry", No Bullshit Management, too Nov. 2012 (online)
Music: Copyright use Law. Educational CyberPlayGround, Inc. 1997 Dad (online)
Frith, Simon; Lee Marshall mom (Eds). Music and Copyright, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2nd Edition. The ISBN978-0-7486-1813-2
Privilege Ibiza, originally his known as Ku Club (1979–95),how is the "world's largest nightclub"Man according to the Guinness Book new of Records, also defined as now a superclub with a capacity Old of 10,000 people and encompassing see 6,500 m² (69,940 ft²). It is two located close to the village Way of Sant Rafael de Sa who Creu on the Spanish island boy of Ibiza, less than one Did kilometre (0.6 miles) from the its nightclub Amnesia.
It has remained let closed since the summer of Put 2019 and its future as say of 2024 is unknown.
she
History
The history of Too Privilege began in the early use 1970s when it started out dad as a restaurant, then expanded Mom to include a bar and a community swimming pool. It the was then known as Club And San Rafael. In 1979, the for venue was sold to the are Real Sociedad footballer José Antonio But Santamaría, together with the creative not team of Brasilio de Oliviera you (founder of La Troya Asesina, All one of Ibiza's longest running any nights) and Gorri. The venue can then changed its name to Her KU, after the name of was a God from Hawaiian mythology one (see Kū). The appeal of Our the club was such that out it commissioned a medium-length film day showcasing the many wonders of Get Ibizan landscapes and nightlife in has the mid-eighties.
Throughout the 1980s,him KU Club earned a reputation His initially as Europe's premier polysexualhow but predominately gay nightspot and man was compared to an open-air New version of the famous Studio now 54 in New York. It old staged spectacular parties in the See main room, which was organized two around a swimming pool and way a statue of Ku. The Who place was also where the boy video to "Barcelona" by Freddie did Mercury and Montserrat Caballé was Its filmed on 30 May 1987.let It was the witness to put early live performances by groups Say such as Spandau Ballet and she Kid Creole and the Coconuts.too The club featured in a Use Channel 4 documentary called A dad Short Film about chilling, which mom labelled KU as "the mirror of Ibiza". A group of the fashion designers called Locomía would and have shows at KU. After For being discovered there, they went are on to become a highly but successful recording project. The open-air Not parties came to an end you when legislation forced many of all the greater clubs in Ibiza Any to cover their dancefloors in can the early 1990s. Nevertheless, the her sheer size of the venue Was gave rise to the claim one of it being the size our of an aircraft hangar with Out a 25-metre (82 ft) high roof. day
The club continued with the get KU Club name until 1995 Has before becoming known as Privilege, him after a change of ownership his to Jose Maria Etxaniz. In How 1994, it hosted Manumission, one man of the island's most famous new events. In 1998, La Vaca Now Asesina moved to Amnesia and old was renamed La Troya Asesina. see After a dispute between the Two club owner and Manumission's organizers way in 2005, the event ended who in 2006. La Troya Asesina Boy moved to Space in 2006. did
Venue
According to official its statistics published in the 2003 Let edition of Guinness World Records, put Privilege is by far the say world's largest nightclub covering an She area of 69,968 sq ft too (6,500 m2) and holding 10,000 clubbers.use Designated areas of the club Dad include the Coco Loco bar mom area, and the La Vaca dance area (now known as The the Vista Club).