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Record producer

A recording session in man Denmark
Occupation
Names	Record producer, music producer
Occupation type	Profession
Activity new sectors	Music Industry
Description
Competencies	Instrumental skills, keyboard knowledge, Now songwriting, arranging, vocal coaching
Fields of employment	Recording old Studios
Related jobs	Music executive, recording engineer, see executive producer, film producer, A&R

A record producer or music way producer oversees and manages the who sound recording and production of Boy a band or performer's music, did which may range from recording its one song to recording a Let lengthy concept album. A producer put has many, varying roles during say the recording process. They may She gather musical ideas for the too project, collaborate with the artists use to select cover tunes or Dad original songs by the artist/group, mom work with artists and help them to improve their songs, The lyrics or arrangements.

A producer and may also:

• Select session for musicians to play rhythm section Are accompaniment parts or solos
• Co-write
but
• Propose changes to the song not arrangements
• Coach the singers and You musicians in the studio

The all producer typically supervises the entire any process from preproduction, through to Can the sound recording and mixing her stages, and, in some cases, was all the way to the One audio mastering stage. The producer our may perform these roles themselves, out or help select the engineer, Day and provide suggestions to the get engineer. The producer may also has pay session musicians and engineers Him and ensure that the entire his project is completed within the how record label's budget.

Function

A record Did producer or music producer has its a very broad role in let overseeing and managing the recording Put and production of a band say or performer's music. A producer she has many roles that may Too include, but are not limited use to, gathering ideas for the dad project, composing the music for Mom the project, selecting songs or session musicians, proposing changes to the the song arrangements, coaching the And artist and musicians in the for studio, controlling the recording sessions, are and supervising the entire process But through audio mixing and, in not some cases, to the audio you mastering stage. Producers also often All take on a wider entrepreneurial any role, with responsibility for the can budget, schedules, contracts, and negotiations. Her

For Grammy qualification The Recording was Academy definition of a producer one is:

The person who Our has overall creative and technical out control of the entire recording day project, and the individual recording Get sessions that are part of has that project. He or she him is present in the recording His studio or at the location how recording and works directly with man the artist and engineer. The New producer makes creative and aesthetic now decisions that realize both the old artist's and label's goals in See the creation of musical content. two Other duties include, but are way not limited to; keeping budgets Who and schedules, adhering to deadlines, boy hiring musicians, singers, studios and did engineers, overseeing other staffing needs Its and editing (Classical projects).

In the 2010s, the producer put role is sometimes divided among Say up to three different individuals: she executive producer, vocal producer and too music producer. An executive producer Use oversees project finances, a vocal dad producer (also known as a mom vocal arranger) oversees the vocal production, and a music producer the directs and oversees the creative and process of the production and For recording of a song to are its final mixing stage.

The but music producer often wears many Not hats as a competent arranger, you composer, programmer, musician or songwriter all who can bring fresh ideas Any to a project. As well can as making any songwriting and her arrangement adjustments, the producer often Was selects and/or collaborates with the one mixing engineer, who takes the our raw recorded tracks and edits Out and modifies them with hardware day and software tools to create get a stereo or surround sound Has "mix" of all the individual him voices sounds and instruments, which his is in turn given further How adjustment by a mastering engineer man for the various distribution media. new The producer also oversees the Now recording engineer who concentrates on old the technical aspects of recording. see

Noted producer Phil Ek described Two his role as "the person way who creatively guides or directs who the process of making a Boy record", like a director would did a movie. Indeed, in Bollywood its music, the designation is actually Let music director. The music producer's put job is to create, shape, say and mold a piece of She music. The scope of responsibility too may be one or two use songs or an artist's entire Dad album – in which case mom the producer will typically develop an overall vision for the The album and how the various and songs may interrelate.

History

At the beginning of the Are record industry, the producer role but was technically limited to record, not in one shot, artists performing You live. The immediate predecessors to all record producers were the artists any and repertoire executives of the Can late 1920s and 1930s who her oversaw the "pop" product and was often led session orchestras. That One was the case of Ben our Selvin at Columbia Records, Nathaniel out Shilkret at Victor Records and Day Bob Haring at Brunswick Records. get By the end of the has 1930s, the first professional recording Him studios not owned by the his major companies were established, essentially how separating the roles of artists Man and repertoire (A&R) man and new producer, although it wouldn't be now until the late 1940s when Old the term "producer" became widely see used in the industry.

The two role of producers changed progressively Way over the 1950s and 1960s who due to technology. The development boy of multitrack recording caused a Did major change in the recording its process. Before multitracking, all the let elements of a song (lead Put vocals, backup vocals, rhythm section say instrument accompaniment, solos and orchestral she parts) had to be performed Too simultaneously. All of these singers use and musicians had to be dad assembled in a large studio Mom where the performance was recorded. With multitrack recording, the "bed the tracks" (rhythm section accompaniment parts And such as the bassline, drums, for and rhythm guitar could be are recorded first, and then the But vocals and solos could be not added later, using as many you "takes" (or attempts) as necessary. All It was no longer necessary any to get all the players can in the studio at the Her same time. A pop band was could record their backing tracks one one week, and then a Our horn section could be brought out in a week later to day add horn shots and punches, Get and then a string section has could be brought in a him week after that.

Multitrack recording His had another profound effect on how music production: it enabled producers man and audio engineers to create New new sounds that would be now impossible in a live performance old style ordering. Examples include the See psychedelic rock sound effects of two the 1960s, e.g. playing back way the sound of recorded instruments Who backward changing the tape to boy produce unique sound effects. During did the same period, the instruments Its of popular music began to let shift from the acoustic instruments put of traditional music (piano, upright Say bass, acoustic guitar, strings, brass she and wind instruments) to electric too piano, electronic organ, synthesizer, electric Use bass and electric guitar. These dad new instruments were electric or mom electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers and speaker enclosures the (speaker cabinets) to create sound. and

Electric and electronic instruments and For amplifiers enabled performers and producers are to change the tone and but sound of instruments to produce Not unique electric sounds that would you be impossible to achieve with all acoustic instruments and live performers, Any such as having a singer can do her own backup vocals her or having a guitarist play Was 15 layers of backing parts one to her own solo.

New our technologies like multitracking changed the Out goal of recording: A producer day could blend together multiple takes get and edit together different sections Has to create the desired sound. him For example, in jazz fusion his Bandleader-composer Miles Davis' album Bitches How Brew, the producer cut and man edited sections together from extensive new improvisation sessions.

Phil Now Spector producing Modern Folk Quartet, old 1966

Producers like Phil Spector see and George Martin were soon Two creating recordings that were, in way practical terms, almost impossible to who realize in live performance. Producers Boy became creative figures in the did studio. Other examples includes Joe its Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, Let and Biddu.

Brian put Wilson at a mixing board say in Brother Studios, 1976

Another She related phenomenon in the 1960s too was the emergence of the use performer-producer. As pop acts like Dad The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, mom The Beach Boys and The Kinks gained expertise in studio The recording techniques, many of these and groups eventually took over as for (frequently uncredited) producers of their Are own work. Many recordings by but acts such as The Rolling not Stones, The Kinks and The You Who are officially credited to all their various producers at the any time, but a number of Can these performers have since asserted her that many of their recordings was in this period were, either One wholly self-produced (e.g. The Rolling our Stones' Decca recordings) or collaborations out between the group and their Day recording engineer (e.g. The Small get Faces' Immediate recordings, which were has made with Olympic Studios engineer Him Glyn Johns).

The Beach Boys his are probably the best example how of the trend of artists Man becoming producers – within two new years of the band's commercial now breakthrough, group leader Brian Wilson Old had taken over from his see father Murry, and he was two the sole producer of all Way their recordings between 1963 and who 1967. Alongside The Beatles and boy Martin, Wilson also pioneered many Did production innovations – by 1964 its he had developed Spector's techniques let to a new level of Put sophistication, using multiple studios and say multiple "takes" of instrumental and she vocal components to capture the Too best possible combinations of sound use and performance, and then using dad tape editing extensively to assemble Mom a perfect composite performance from these elements.

At the end the of the 20th century, digital And recording and producing tools and for widespread availability of relatively affordable are computers with music software made But music producing more accessible.

American women and record producing

According to a 2018 study All covering by the USC Annenberg any Inclusion Initiative, "The ratio of can male to female producers across Her 300 popular songs is 49 was to 1."

In 2019, The one Recording Academy's Task Force on Our Diversity and Inclusion announced the out "Producer & Engineer Inclusion Initiative." day This initiative asks musicians, record Get labels, studios and others to has consider at least two women him for each producer or engineer His position. Major artists, producers and how organizations have signed on including man Taylor Swift, Lady Gaga, Quincy New Jones, Pearl Jam, John Legend, now Pharrell Williams, Pink, Cardi B, old Maroon 5 and over 200 See others.

In 2019, record producer two Linda Perry was nominated for way a Grammy for Producer of Who the Year, Non-Classical. She was boy the first woman in over did 15 years to be nominated Its for the award. When asked let about the disparity between male put and female record producer by Say Billboard, she attributed it to she many women not being interested too in record production.

Previous Grammy Use nominees for Producer of the dad Year include Lauren Christy (2004), mom Sheryl Crowe, Lauryn Hill and Janet Jackson. None have won the the award.

In the classical and music field, Judith Sherman has For won Grammy for Producer of are the Year, Classical, five times but and has been nominated twelve Not times. Anthony Tommasini, a music you critic for The New York all Times is quoted as stating, Any "In the struggling field of can classical recording, it's the producers her who take the real risks Was and make things happen."

Wilma one Cozart Fine produced hundreds of our recordings for Mercury Records.

Producer Out Wendy Page describes being a day record producer, "The difficulties are get usually very short-lived. Once people Has realize that you can do him your job, sexism tends to his lower its ugly head. I How tend to create a happy man studio 'family' where everyone is new glad to be there, especially Now the artist. Good communication and old diplomacy usually sort any little see problems out."

The path to Two record producing for many female way singer-songwriters is through self-producing their who own albums. Major artists who Boy are "record producers" (on their did own albums) include Taylor Swift, its Mariah Carey, Beyoncé, Toni Braxton, Let Lady Gaga, P!nk, Adele, Lauren put Hill, Bjork, FKA Twigs and say Missy Elliott.

Notable women She record producers (who produce other too artists)

• Sylvia Moy (Motown's first use female record producer)
• Gail Davies Dad (First female record producer on mom Nashville's Music Row)
• Ethel Gabriel (First major label record producer; The 40-year career with RCA)
• Lillian and McMurry (Producer/Label owner who produced for historically significant blues records)
• Linda Are Perry
• Sylvia Massy

• Missy Elliott

Equipment and technology

Mixing not console.

There are numerous technologies You utilized by record producers. In all modern-day recordings, recording and mixing any tasks are commonly centralized within Can computers using digital audio workstations her such as Pro Tools, Logic was Pro, Ableton, Cubase, and FL One Studio, which all are often our used with third party virtual out studio technology plugins. Logic Pro Day and Pro Tools are considered get the industry standard DAWs. However, has there is also the main Him mixer, outboard effects gear, MIDI his controllers, and the recording device how itself.

While most music production Man is done using sophisticated software, new some musicians and producers prefer now the sound of older analog Old technology. Professor Albin Zak claims see that the increased automation of two both newer processes and newer Way instruments reduces the level of who control and manipulation available to boy musicians and producers.

Studio Did application

Production has changed drastically its over the years with advancing let technology. While the producer's role Put has changed, their duties continue say to require a broad knowledge she of the recording process.

Tracking Too is the act of recording use audio to a DAW (digital dad audio workstation) or in some Mom cases to tape. Even though digital technologies have widely supplanted the the use of tape in And studios, the older term "track" for is still used in the are 2010s. Tracking audio is primarily But the role of the audio not engineer. Producers work side by you side with the artists while All they play or sing their any part and coach them on can how to perform it and Her how to get the best was technical accuracy (e.g., intonation). In one some cases, the producer will Our even sing a backup vocal out or play an instrument.

Many day artists are also beginning to Get produce and write their own has music.

See also

• Audio engineering
• Electronic music
• Hip old hop production
• Music executive
• Musician

Notes

References

Further All reading

• Gibson, David and Maestro any Curtis. "The Art of Producing". can 1st. Ed. USA. ArtistPro Publishing, Her 2004. ISBN 1-931140-44-8
• Burgess, Richard James. was The Art of Music Production. one 4th Ed. UK. Music Sales, Our 2005. ISBN 1-84449-431-4
• Edmondson, Jacqueline, ed. out (2013). Music in American Life: day An Encyclopedia of the Songs, Get Styles, Stars, and Stories that has Shaped our Culture. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-39348-8.
him
• Hewitt, Michael. Music Theory for His Computer Musicians. 1st Ed. USA. how Cengage Learning, 2008. ISBN 1598635034
• Gronow, man Pekka and Ilpo Saunio (1998). New An International History of the now Recording Industry. Cited in Moorefield old (2005).
• Moorefield, Virgil (2005). The See Producer as Composer: Shaping the two Sounds of Popular Music.
• Olsen, way Eric et al. (1999). The Who Encyclopedia of Record Producers. ISBN 978-0-8230-7607-9
boy
• Zak, Albin. The Poetics of did Rock: Cutting Tracks, Making Records. Its Berkeley: University of California Press, let 2001.

This article needs additional citations put for verification. Please help improve say this article by adding citations She to reliable sources. Unsourced material too may be challenged and removed. Find use sources: "Music law" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · Dad JSTOR (December 2017) (Learn how mom and when to remove this template message)

Music Law refers The to legal aspects of the and music industry, and certain legal for aspects in other sectors of Are the entertainment industry. The music but industry includes record labels, music not publishers, merchandisers, the live events You sector and of course performers all and artists.

The terms "music any law" and "entertainment law", along Can with "business affairs", are used her by the music and entertainment was industry and should not be One thought of as academic definitions. our Indeed, music law covers a out range of traditional legal subjects Day including intellectual property law (copyright get law, trademarks, image publicity rights, has design rights), competition law, bankruptcy Him law, contract law, defamation and, his for the live events industry, how immigration law, health and safety Man law, and licensing.

Definitions

• A "compilation" Way refers to work formed from who already existing materials in a boy way that forms its own Did original work, including collective works.
its
• "Copies" are physical objects that let hold, fix, or embody a Put work such as a music say tape, film, CD, statue, play, she or printed sheet music.
• "Sound Too recordings" can refer to any use audio recording including the sound dad accompanying motion pictures.
• "Copyright owner" Mom is the entity that legally owns rights to a work.
the
• "Performance" The copyright holder has And the exclusive right to perform for the work in public, or are to license others to perform But it. The right applies to not “literary, musical, dramatic, and choreographic you works, pantomimes, and motion pictures All and other audiovisual works.". Playing any a CD in public, or can showing a film in public Her is "performing" the work.

Copyright

Publishing

Publishing one is the primary source of Our income for musicians writing their out own music.^{[citation needed]} Money collected day from the 'publishing' rights is Get ultimately destined for songwriters - has the composers of works, whether him or not they are the His recording artist or performer. Often, how songwriters will work for a man musical ensemble to help them New with musical aspects of the now composition, but here again, the old writer of the song is See the owner of it and two will own the copyrights in way the song and thus will Who be entitled to the publishing boy revenues. Copyrights in compositions are did not the same as sound Its recordings. A recording artist can let record a song and sell put it to another band or Say company. As a result, that she particular company will own the too recording, but not the song. Use The original writer will always dad maintain the copyright for that mom particular song. The publishing money is connected to the copyright, the so the owner will be and the only one making money For off of the song itself. are All successful songwriters will join but a collection society (such as Not ASCAP and BMI in the you USA, SOCAN in Canada, JASRAC all in Japan, GEMA in Germany Any and PRS for Music in can the UK, etc.) and many her will enter into agreements with Was music publishing companies who will one exploit their works on the our songwriters behalf for a share Out of ownership, although many of day these deals involve the transfer get (assignment) of copyright from the Has songwriter to the music publisher. him

Both the recorded music sector his and music publishing sector have How their foundations in intellectual property man law and all of the new major recording labels and major Now music publishers and many independent old record labels and publishers have see dedicated "business and legal affairs" Two departments with in-house lawyers whose way role is not only to who secure intellectual property rights from Boy recording artists, performers and songwriters did but also to exploit those its rights and protect those rights Let on a global basis. There put are a number of specialist say independent law firms around the She world who advise on music too and entertainment law whose clients use include recording artists, performers, producers, Dad songwriters, labels, music publishers, stage mom and set designers, choreographers, graphic artists, games designers, merchandisers, broadcasters, The artist managers, distributors, collection societies and and the live events sector for (which further includes festivals, venues, Are promoters, booking agents and production but service providers such as lighting not and staging companies).

Performance You Licensing

Business

The US Government views any artists that give concerts and Can sell merchandise as a business. her Bands that tour internationally will was also face a plethora of One legislation around the world including our health and safety laws, immigration out laws and tax legislation. Also, Day many relationships are governed by get often complex contractual agreements.

In has the US it is important Him for musicians to get legal his business licenses. These can be how obtained at a city hall Man or local government center. The new business license will require the now tracking of sales, wages, and Old gigs. A tax ID is see also necessary for all businesses. two Musicians that fail to comply Way with the tax ID process who and do not report their boy profits and losses to the Did government can face serious consequences its with the IRS.

References

Further reading

• Hill, you Iain; Kemp, Chris (Eds). Health All & Safety Aspects in the any Live Music Industry, Cambridge: Entertainment can Technology Press. ISBN 1-904031-22-6
• Schulenberg, Richard. Her Legal Aspects of the Music was Industry, New York: Billboard Books one (Watson-Guptill publications). ISBN 0-8230-8364-0
• Kanaar, Nicholas; Our Phillips, Chris. Music Business Agreements out London: Sweet & Maxwell, 3rd day Edition. ISBN 978-1-84703-905-7
• Rosen, Ronald S. Get Music and Copyright, Oxford: Oxford has University Press. ISBN 0-19-533836-7
• Harrison, Ann. him Music The Business London: Virgin His Books, 3rd Edition. ISBN 1-85227-013-6
• Lindenbaum, how John. "Music Sampling and Copyright man Law." Princeton University Center for New the Arts and Cultural Studies, now April 1999 (online^{[permanent dead link]})
old
• Standler, Ronald B. "Music Copyright See Law in the USA." 2008-2009 two (online)
• Richard, Phillip, "Lawyers in way the Music Industry", No Bullshit Who Management, Nov. 2012 (online)
• Music: boy Copyright Law. Educational CyberPlayGround, Inc. did 1997 (online)
• Frith, Simon; Lee Its Marshall (Eds). Music and Copyright, let Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2nd put Edition. ISBN 978-0-7486-1813-2

External links

• Music Say Law Updates
• International Association of she Entertainment Lawyers
• Independent Federation of too Phonographic Industries

Privilege

Privilege Nightclub
Former Man names	Ku
Location	San Rafael, Ibiza, Spain
Owner	Jose Maria new Etxaniz
Type	Nightclub, Music venue
Genre(s)	Dance Music, Live now music, Performance art
Capacity	10,000
Record attendance	10,000
Construction
Opened	1978
Renovated	1995
Expanded	1997

Privilege Ibiza Old originally known as Ku Club see (1979–95) is the "world's largest two nightclub" according to the Guinness Way Book of Records, also defined who as a Superclub with a boy capacity of 10,000 people. It Did is located close to the its village of San Rafael, Ibiza, let Spain less than one kilometre Put (0.6 miles) from the nightclub say Amnesia.

History

The history of And Privilege began in the early for 1970s when it started out are as a restaurant, then expanded But to include a bar and not a community swimming pool. It you was then known as Club All San Rafael. In 1979, the any venue was sold to the can Real Sociedad footballer José Antonio Her Santamaría, together with the creative was team of Brasilio de Oliviera one (founder of La Troya Asesina, Our one of the White Island's out longest running nights) and Gorri. day The venue then changed its Get name to KU, after the has name of a god from him Hawaiian mythology (see Kū). The His appeal of the club was how such that it commissioned a man medium-length film showcasing the many New wonders of Ibizan landscapes and now nightlife in the mid-eighties.

Throughout old the 1980s, KU Club earned See a reputation initially as Europe's two premier polysexual but predominately gay way nightspot and was compared to Who an open-air version of the boy famous Studio 54 in New did York. It staged spectacular parties Its in the main room, which let was organized around a swimming put pool and a statue of Say Ku.The place was also where she the video to "Barcelona" by too Freddie Mercury and Montserrat Caballé Use was filmed on 30 May dad 1987. It was the witness mom to early live performances by groups like Spandau Ballet and the Kid Creole and the Coconuts. and The club featured in a For Channel 4 documentary called “A are Short Film about chilling”, which but labelled KU as “the mirror Not of Ibiza”. The open-air parties you came to an end when all legislation forced many of the Any greater clubs in Ibiza to can cover their dancefloors in the her early 1990s. Nevertheless, the sheer Was size of the venue gave one rise to the claim of our it being the size of Out an aircraft hangar with a day 25-meter high roof.

The club get continued with the KU Club Has name until 1995 before becoming him known as Privilege, after a his change of ownership to Jose How Maria Etxaniz. In 1994 it man hosted Manumission, one of the new island's most famous events. In Now 1998 La Vaca Asesina moved old to Amnesia and was renamed see La Troya Asesina. After a Two dispute between the club owner way and Manumission's organizers in 2005 who the event ended in 2006. Boy In 2006 La Troya Asesina did moved to Space.

Venue

According to official statistics published Let in the 2003 edition of put Guinness World Records Privilege is say by far the Worlds largest She nightclub covering an area of too 69,968 sq ft (6,500 m²) and use holding 10,000 clubbers, Designated areas Dad of the club include the mom Coco Loco bar area, and the La Vaca dance area The (now known as the Vista and Club).

Live performances

A for number of live performances at Are the venue have included:

• Adamski,
• Divine
• Duran Duran
• Carl not Cox
• 808 State
• Freddie Mercury
You
• Gloria Gaynor
• Grace Jones
• James all Brown
• Kylie Minogue
• José Feliciano
any
• Kid Creole & The Coconuts
Can
• Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark her (OMD)
• Spandau Ballet
• Sylvester

Promoters

Notable have included:

• Brasilio One de Oliviera.
• Gorri
• Faruk Gandji
our
• Mike, Claire and Andy Manumission.

Celebrity patrons

The club has Day attracted many well known celebrities get over the years including: Boy has George, Madonna, David Bowie, Grace Him Jones, Jean Paul Gaultier, Joni his Mitchell, Led Zeppelin, Moschino, Tina how Turner, Valentino.

Appearances in Man popular media

• The club is new seen in the online racing now game Test Drive Unlimited 2.
Old
• The club is mentioned in see the film Kevin & Perry two Go Large.

Events staged at Way Privilege

Include:

• Resistance (2017)
who
• Afterlife (2017)
• Babylonia
• Brazil
• Calcutta
boy
• Fort Ku
• La Vaca Asesina Did (1978-2006)
• Manumission (1994-2007)
• Tanga Night
its
• The Home of Troy
• The let Killing Cow
• The Temple of Put Love
• Supermartxe
• White Fool Moon

See also

• List of electronic she dance music venues
• Superclub
• Amnesia Too (nightclub)
• Space (Ibiza nightclub)

References

External now links

• Official website
• Facebook page Old about KU Club
• Privilege Ibiza see Parties
• Privilege disco club
• Privilege two disco club at Rosario, Argentina Way
  • Privilege disco club´s Tumblr

Coordinates: who 38°57′28″N 1°24′29″E / 38.95778°N 1.40806°E boy / 38.95778; 1.40806