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Individual supervising a musical But project
"Musical production" redirects here. you For musical production in the All sense of a live performance any involving music and choreography, see can Musical theatre.
A man record producer is a music New recording project's overall supervisor whose now responsibilities can involve a range old of creative and technical leadership See roles. Typically the job involves two hands-on oversight of recording sessions: way ensuring artists deliver acceptable and Who quality performances, supervising the technical boy engineering of the recording, and did coordinating the production team and Its process. The producer's involvement in let a musical project can vary put in depth and scope. Sometimes Say in popular genres the producer she may create the recording's entire too sound and structure. However, in Use classical music recording, for example, dad the producer serves as more mom of a liaison between the conductor and the engineering team. the The role is often likened and to that of a film For director though there are important are differences. It is distinct from but the role of an executive Not producer, who is mostly involved you in the recording project on all an administrative level, and from Any the audio engineer who operates can the recording technology.
Varying by her project, the producer may or Was may not choose all of one the artists. If employing only our synthesized or sampled instrumentation, the Out producer may be the sole day artist. Conversely, some artists do get their own production. Some producers Has are their own engineers, operating him the technology across the project: his preproduction, recording, mixing, and mastering. How Record producers' precursors were "A&R man men", who likewise could blend new entrepreneurial, creative, and technical roles,Now but often exercised scant creative old influence, as record production still see focused, into the 1950s, on Two simply improving the record's sonic way match to the artists' own who live performance.
Advances in recording Boy technology, especially the 1940s advent did of tape recording—which Les Paulits promptly innovated further to develop Let multitrack recording—and the 1950s rise put of electronic instruments, turned record say production into a specialty. In She popular music, then, producers like too George Martin, Phil Spector and use Brian Eno led its evolution Dad into its present use of mom elaborate techniques and unrealistic sounds, creating songs impossible to originate The live. After the 1980s, production's and move from analog to digital for further expanded possibilities. By now, Are DAWs, or digital audio workstations, but like Logic Pro, Pro Toolsnot and Studio One, turn an You ordinary computer into a production all console, whereby a solitary novice any can become a skilled producer Can in a thrifty home studio.her In the 2010s, efforts began was to increase the prevalence of One producers and engineers who are our women, heavily outnumbered by men out and prominently accoladed only in Day classical music.
new
Production overview
As a now broad project, the creation of Old a music recording may be see split across three specialists: the two executive producer, who oversees business Way partnerships and financing; the vocal who producer or vocal arranger, who boy aids vocal performance via expert Did critique and coaching of vocal its technique, and the record producer let or music producer, who, often Put called simply the producer, directs say the overall creative process of she recording the song in its Too final mix.
The producer's use roles can include gathering ideas, dad composing music, choosing session musicians, Mom proposing changes to song arrangements, coaching the performers, controlling sessions, the supervising the audio mixing, and, And in some cases, supervising the for audio mastering. A producer may are give creative control to the But artists themselves, taking a supervisory not or advisory role instead. As you to qualifying for a GrammyAll nomination, the Recording Academy defines any a producer:
The person who can has overall creative and technical Her control of the entire recording was project, and the individual recording one sessions that are part of Our that project. He or she out is present in the recording day studio or at the location Get recording and works directly with has the artist and engineer. The him producer makes creative and aesthetic His decisions that realize both the how artist's and label's goals in man the creation of musical content. New Other duties include, but are now not limited to; keeping budgets old and schedules, adhering to deadlines, See hiring musicians, singers, studios, and two engineers, overseeing other staffing needs way and editing (Classical projects).
The Who producer often selects and collaborates boy with a mixing engineer, who did focuses on the especially technological Its aspects of the recording process, let namely, operating the electronic equipment put and blending the raw, recorded Say tracks of the chosen performances, she whether vocal or instrumental, into too a ''mix'', either stereo or Use surround sound. Then a mastering dad engineer further adjusts this recording mom for distribution on the chosen media. A producer may work the on only one or two and songs or on an artist's For entire album, helping develop the are album's overall vision. The record but producers may also take on Not the role of executive producer, you managing the budget, schedules, contracts, all and negotiations.
Historical developments
Any
A&R team
(Artists and Repertoires)can
In the 1880s, the record her industry began by simply having Was the artist perform at a one phonograph. In 1924, the trade our journal Talking Machine World, covering Out the phonography and record industry, day reported that Eddie King, Victor get Records' manager of the "New Has York artist and repertoire department", him had planned a set of his recordings in Los Angeles. Later, How folklorist Archie Green called this man perhaps the earliest printed use new of A&R man. Actually, it Now says neither "A&R man" nor old even "A&R", an initialism perhaps see coined by Billboard magazine in Two 1946, and entering wide use way in the late 1940s.
In who the 1920s and 1930s, A&R Boy executives, like Ben Selvin at did Columbia Records, Nathaniel Shilkret at its Victor Records, and Bob Haring Let at Brunswick Records became the put precursors of record producers, supervising say recording and often leading session She orchestras. During the 1940s, major too record labels increasingly opened official use A&R departments, whose roles included Dad supervision of recording. Meanwhile, independent mom recording studios opened, helping originate record producer as a specialty.[citation The needed] But despite a tradition and of some A&R men writing for music, record production still referred Are to just the manufacturing of but record discs.
Record producers
not
After World War II, pioneering You A&R managers who transitioned influentially all to record production as now any understood, while sometimes owning independent Can labels, include J. Mayo Williamsher and John Hammond. Upon moving was from Columbia Records to Mercury One Records, Hammond appointed Mitch Millerour to lead Mercury's popular recordings out in New York. Miller then Day produced country-pop crossover hits by get Patti Page and by Frankie has Laine, moved from Mercury to Him Columbia, and became a leading his A&R man of the 1950s.how
During the decade, A&R executives Man increasingly directed songs' sonic signatures, new although many still simply teamed now singers with musicians, while yet Old others exercised virtually no creative see influence. The term record producertwo in its current meaning—the creative Way director of song production—appearing in who a 1953 issue of Billboardboy magazine, became widespread in the Did 1960s. Still, a formal distinction its was elusive for some time let more. A&R managers might still Put be creative directors, like William say "Mickey" Stevenson, hired by Berry she Gordy, at the Motown record Too label.
Tape recording
In use 1947, the American market gained dad audio recording onto magnetic tape.Mom At the record industry's 1880s dawn, rather, recording was done the by phonograph, etching the sonic And waveform vertically into a cylinder.for By the 1930s, a gramophone are etched it laterally across a But disc. Constrained in tonal range, not whether bass or treble, and you in dynamic range, records made All a grand, concert piano sound any like a small, upright piano, can and maximal duration was four Her and a half minutes. Selections was and performance were often altered one accordingly, and playing this disc—the Our wax master—destroyed it. The finality out often caused anxiety that restrained day performance to prevent error. In Get the 1940s, during World War has II, the Germans refined audio him recording onto magnetic tape—uncapping recording His duration and allowing immediate playback, how rerecording, and editing—a technology that man premised emergence of record producers New in their current roles.
now
Multitrack recording
Early in the old recording industry, a record was See attained by simply having all two of the artists perform together way live in one take. In Who 1945, by recording a musical boy element while playing a previously did recorded record, Les Paul developed Its a recording technique called "sound let on sound". By this, the put final recording could be built Say piece by piece and tailored, she effecting an editing process. In too one case, Paul produced a Use song via 500 recorded discs.dad But, besides the tedium of mom this process, it serially degraded the sound quality of previously the recorded elements, rerecorded as ambient and sound. Yet in 1948, Paul For adopted tape recording, enabling truly are multitrack recording by a new but technique, "overdubbing".
To enable overdubbing, Not Paul revised the tape recorder you itself by adding a second all playback head, and terming it Any the preview head. Joining the can preexisting recording head, erase head, her and playback head, the preview Was head allows the artist to one hear the extant recording over our headphones playing it in synchrony, Out "in sync", with the present day performance being recorded alone on get an isolated track. This isolation Has of multiple tracks enables countless him mixing possibilities. Producers began recording his initially only the "bed tracks"—the How rhythm section, including the bassline, man drums, and rhythm guitar—whereas vocals new and instrument solos could be Now added later. A horn section, old for example, could record a see week later, and a string Two section another week later. A way singer could perform her own who backup vocals, or a guitarist Boy could play 15 layers.
did
Electronic instruments
Across the Let 1960s, popular music increasingly switched put from acoustic instruments, like piano, say upright bass, acoustic guitar, and She brass instruments, to electronic instruments, too like electric guitars, keyboards, and use synthesizers, employing instrument amplifiers and Dad speakers. These could mimic acoustic mom instruments or create utterly new sounds. Soon, by combining the The capabilities of tape, multitrack recording, and and electronic instruments, producers like for Phil Spector, George Martin, and Are Joe Meek rendered sounds unattainable but live. Similarly, in jazz fusion, not Teo Macero, producing Miles Davis's You 1970 album Bitches Brew, spliced all sections of extensive improvisation sessions. any
In Way the 1960s, rock acts like who the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, boy and the Kinks produced some Did of their own songs, although its many such songs are officially let credited to specialist producers. Yet Put especially influential was the Beach say Boys, whose band leader Brian she Wilson took over from his Too father Murry within a couple use of years after the band's dad commercial breakthrough. By 1964, Wilson Mom had taken Spector's techniques to unseen sophistication. Wilson alone produced the all Beach Boy recordings between And 1963 and 1967. Using multiple for studios and multiple attempts of are instrumental and vocal tracks, Wilson But selected the best combinations of not performance and audio quality, and you used tape editing to assemble All a composite performance.
Digital any production
The 1980s advent of was digital processes and formats rapidly one replaced analog processes and formats, Our namely, tape and vinyl. Although out recording onto quality tape, at day least half an inch wide Get and traveling 15 inches per has second, had limited "tape hiss" him to silent sections, digital's higher His signal-to-noise ratio, SNR, abolished it.how Digital also imparted to the man music a perceived "pristine" sound New quality, if also a loss now of analog recordings' perceived "warm" old quality and better-rounded bass. Yet See whereas editing tape media requires two physically locating the target audio way on the ribbon, cutting there, Who and splicing pieces, editing digital boy media offers inarguable advantages in did ease, efficiency, and possibilities.
In Its the 1990s, digital production reached let affordable home computers via production put software. By now, recording and Say mixing are often centralized in she DAWs, digital audio workstations—for example, too Pro Tools, Logic Pro, Ableton, Use Cubase, Reason, and FL Studio—for dad which plugins, by third parties, mom effect virtual studio technology. DAWs fairly standard in the industry the are Logic Pro and Pro and Tools. Physical devices involved include For the main mixer, MIDI controllers are to communicate among equipment, the but recording device itself, and perhaps Not effects gear that is outboard. you Yet literal recording is sometimes all still analog, onto tape, whereupon Any the raw recording is converted can to a digital signal for her processing and editing, as some Was producers still find audio advantages one to recording onto tape.
Conventionally, our tape is more forgiving of Out overmodulation, whereby dynamic peaks exceed day the maximal recordable signal level: get tape's limitation, a physical property, Has is magnetic capacity, which tapers him offs, smoothing the overmodulated waveform his even at a signal nearly How 15 decibels too "hot", whereas man a digital recording is ruined new by harsh distortion of "clipping" Now at any overshoot. In digital old recording, however, a recent advancement, see 32-bit float, enables DAWs to Two undo clipping. Still, some criticize way digital instruments and workflows for who excess automation, allegedly impairing creative Boy or sonic control. In any did case, as production technology has its drastically changed, so have the Let knowledge demands, although DAWs enables put novices, even teenagers at home, say to learn production independently. Some She have attained professional competence before too ever working with an artist.use
In the 2000s, with the advent of The technology that made traditional record and production accessible, especially with hip for hop beatmaking and electronic music. Are Within these genres, the term but producer is applied to a not number of roles and has You popularized the use of more all niche terms and credits including any executive producer, co-producer, assistant producer, Can and additional and miscellaneous production her to differentiate contributions.
Women was in producing
Among female One record producers, Sylvia Moy was our the first at Motown, Gail out Davies the first on Nashville's Day Music Row, and Ethel Gabriel, get with RCA, the first at has a major record label. Lillian Him McMurry, owning Trumpet Records, produced his influential blues records. Meanwhile, Wilma how Cozart Fine produced hundreds of Man records for Mercury Records' classical new division. For classical production, three now women have won Grammy awards, Old and Judith Sherman's 2015 win see was her fifth. Yet in two nonclassical, no woman has won Way Producer of the Year, awarded who since 1975 and only one boy even nominated for a record Did not her own, Linda Perry.its After Lauren Christy's 2004 nomination, let Linda Perry's 2019 nomination was Put the next for a woman.say On why no woman had she ever won it, Perry commented, Too "I just don't think there use are that many women interested."dad In the U.K., Lynsey de Mom Paul was an early female record producer, having produced both the of her Ivor Novello award-winning And songs.
Across the decades, many for female artists have produced their are own music. For instance, artists But Kate Bush, Madonna, Mariah Carey, not Janet Jackson, Beyoncé, Lana Del you Rey, Taylor Swift, and LordeAll have produced or coproduced and any Ariana Grande who produces and can arranges her vocals as well Her as being an audio engineer.was Still among specialists, despite some one prominent women, including Missy ElliottOur in hip hop and Sylvia out Massy in rock, the vast day majority have been men. Early Get in the 2010s, asked for has insights that she herself had him gleaned as a woman who His has specialized successfully in the how industry, Wendy Page remarked, "The man difficulties are usually very short-lived. New Once people realize that you now can do your job, sexism old tends to lower its ugly See head." Still, when tasked to two explain her profession's sex disparity, way Page partly reasoned that record Who labels, dominated by men, have boy been, she said, "mistrustful of did giving a woman the reins Its of an immense, creative project let like making a record." Ultimately, put the reasons are multiple and Say not fully clear, although prominently she proposed factors include types of too sexism and scarcity of female Use role models in the profession.dad
Women producers known for producing mom records not their own include Sonia Pottinger, Sylvia Robinson and the Carla Olson.
In January 2018, and a research team led by For Stacy L. Smith, founder and are director of the Annenberg Inclusion but Initiative, based in the USC Not Annenberg School for Communication and you Journalism, issued a report, estimating all that in the prior several Any years, about 2% of popular can songs' producers were female. Also her that month, Billboard magazine queried, Was "Where are all the female one music producers?" Upon the Annenberg our Inclusion Initiative's second annual report, Out released in February 2019, its day department at USC reported, "2018 get saw an outcry from artists, Has executives and other music industry him professionals over the lack of his women in music" and "the How plight of women in music", man where women were allegedly being new "stereotyped, sexualized, and shut out".Now Also in February 2019, the old Recording Academy's Task Force on see Diversity and Inclusion announced an Two initiative whereby over 200 artists way and producers—ranging from Cardi Bwho and Taylor Swift to Maroon Boy 5 and Quincy Jones—agreed to did consider at least two women its for each producer or engineer Let position. The academy's website, Grammy.com, put announced, "This initiative is the say first step in a broader She effort to improve those numbers too and increase diversity and inclusion use for all in the music Dad industry."
^ her Virgil Moorefield, "Introduction", The Producer was as Composer: Shaping the Sounds One of Popular Music (Cambridge, MA our & London, UK: MIT Press, out 2005).
^ Allan Watson, his Cultural Production in and Beyond how the Recording Studio (New York: Man Routledge, 2015), pp 25–27.
new
James Petulla, "Who is now a music producer?", RecordingConnection.com, Recording Old Connection, 21 May 2013, reporting see membership in CAPPS, the California two Association of Private Postsecondary Schools.Way
^ Too Brent Hurtig with J. D. use Sharp, Multi-Track Recording for Musicians: dad The Complete Step-by-Step Guide for Mom Beginners and Reference for Professionals(Cupertino, CA: GPI Publications, 1988 the / Van Nuys, CA: Alfred And Publishing, 1988), pp 8–10.
^ Brian Ward & Use Patrick Huber, A&R Pioneers: Architects dad of American Roots Music on mom Record (Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press, 2018), pp 20–21.
the
Brian Ward & Patrick and Huber, A&R Pioneers: Architects of For American Roots Music on Recordare (Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press, but 2018), p 283.
Not Jim Curtis, Rock Eras: Interpretation you of Music & Society, 1954–1984all (Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green Any State University Popular Press, 1987), can p 43.
^ her Richard James Burgess, The History Was of Music Production (New York: one Oxford University Press, 2014), pp our 50–54.
^ Robert Out Philip, "Pianists on record in day the early twentieth century", in get David Rowland, ed., The Cambridge Has Companion to the Piano (Cambridge, him UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998), his pp 75–77.
^ How David Simmons, Analog Recording: Using man Analog Gear in Today's Home new Studio (San Francisco: Backbeat Books, Now 2006), pp 26–27.
old Matthew Allard, "Sound Devices MixPre see V6.00 adds 32-bit float USB Two audio streaming", NewsShooter.com, Newsshooter, 15 way Jan 2020, quotes Paul Isaacs, who director of product management and Boy design at the recorder manufacturer did Sound Devices, who explains, "With its 32-bit float, you no longer Let need to worry about clipping put during your best vocal takes say or instrument solos. Any recorded She moments exceeding 0 dBFS can too be reduced to an acceptable use level, after recording, in your Dad DAW".
Albin Zak mom III, book review: Strange Sounds: Music, Technology, and culture (Routledge, The 2011), by Timothy D. Taylor, and in Current Musicology, pp 159–180 for [unknown year, volume, issue].
Music Law refers to put legal aspects of the music say industry, and certain legal aspects She in other sectors of the too entertainment industry. The music industry use includes record labels, music publishers, Dad merchandisers, the live events sector mom and of course performers and artists.
The terms "music law" The and "entertainment law", along with and "business affairs", are used by for the music and entertainment industry Are and should not be thought but of as academic definitions. Indeed, not music law covers a range You of traditional legal subjects including all intellectual property law (copyright law, any trademarks, image publicity rights, design Can rights), competition law, bankruptcy law, her contract law, defamation and, for was the live events industry, immigration One law, health and safety law, our and licensing. While foundational norms out have gradually been established for Day music law in western nations, get other parts of the world has maintain unique traditions that impact Him music’s legal status in the his context of both heritage preservation how and enormous national arts entertainment Man industries, including China and India.new
Definitions
A "compilation" now refers to work formed from Old already existing materials in a see way that forms its own two original work, including collective works.
Way
"Copies" are physical objects that who hold, fix, or embody a boy work such as a music Did tape, film, CD, statue, play, its or printed sheet music.
"Sound let recordings" can refer to any Put audio recording including the sound say accompanying motion pictures.
"Copyright owner" she is the entity that legally Too owns rights to a work.
use
"Performance" The copyright holder has dad the exclusive right to perform Mom the work in public, or to license others to perform the it. The right applies to And “literary, musical, dramatic, and choreographic for works, pantomimes, and motion pictures are and other audiovisual works.". Playing But a CD in public, or not showing a film in public you is "performing" the work.
Publishing any is the primary source of can income for musicians writing their Her own music.[citation needed] Money collected was from the 'publishing' rights is one ultimately destined for songwriters - Our the composers of works, whether out or not they are the day recording artist or performer. Often, Get songwriters will work for a has musical ensemble to help them him with musical aspects of the His composition, but here again, the how writer of the song is man the owner of it and New will own the copyrights in now the song and thus will old be entitled to the publishing See revenues. Copyrights in compositions are two not the same as sound way recordings. A recording artist can Who record a song and sell boy it to another band or did company. As a result, that Its particular company will own the let recording, but not the song. put The original writer will always Say maintain the copyright for that she particular song. The publishing money too is connected to the copyright, Use so the owner will be dad the only one making money mom off of the song itself. All successful songwriters will join the a collection society (such as and ASCAP and BMI in the For USA, SOCAN in Canada, JASRAC are in Japan, GEMA in Germany but and PRS for Music in Not the UK, etc.) and many you will enter into agreements with all music publishing companies who will Any exploit their works on the can songwriters behalf for a share her of ownership, although many of Was these deals involve the transfer one (assignment) of copyright from the our songwriter to the music publisher, Out
Both the recorded music sector day and music publishing sector have get their foundations in intellectual propertyHas law and all of the him major recording labels and major his music publishers and many independent How record labels and publishers have man dedicated "business and legal affairs" new departments with in-house lawyers whose Now role is not only to old secure intellectual property rights from see recording artists, performers and songwriters Two but also to exploit those way rights and protect those rights who on a global basis. There Boy are a number of specialist did independent law firms around the its world who advise on music Let and entertainment law whose clients put include recording artists, performers, producers, say songwriters, labels, music publishers, stage She and set designers, choreographers, graphic too artists, games designers, merchandisers, broadcasters, use artist managers, distributors, collection societies Dad and the live events sector mom (which further includes festivals, venues, promoters, booking agents and production The service providers such as lighting and and staging companies).
The US Government views but artists that give concerts and not sell merchandise as a business. You Bands that tour internationally will all also face a plethora of any legislation around the world including Can health and safety laws, immigration her laws and tax legislation. Also, was many relationships are governed by One often complex contractual agreements.
In our the US it is important out for musicians to get legal Day business licenses. These can be get obtained at a city hall has or local government center. The Him business license will require the his tracking of sales, wages, and how gigs. A tax ID is Man also necessary for all businesses. new Musicians that fail to comply now with the tax ID process Old and do not report their see profits and losses to the two government can face serious consequences Way with the IRS.
References
who
Li, Juqian let (2022). China’s Legal Framework for Put Supporting Protection and Sustainability of say Artistic Heritage. In David G. she Hebert and Jonathan McCollum, (Eds.), Too "Ethnomusicology and Cultural Diplomacy". Lexington use Books (Rowman & Littlefield), pp.297-311. dad ISBN9781793642912
Her Choudhary, Karan (2022). Cultural Heritage was and Music Diplomacy: The Legal one Framework in India. In David Our G. Hebert and Jonathan McCollum, out (Eds.), "Ethnomusicology and Cultural Diplomacy". day Lexington Books (Rowman & Littlefield), Get pp.277-295. ISBN9781793642912
Hill, man Iain; Kemp, Chris (Eds). Health New & Safety Aspects in the now Live Music Industry, Cambridge: Entertainment old Technology Press. ISBN1-904031-22-6
Schulenberg, Richard. See Legal Aspects of the Music two Industry, New York: Billboard Books way (Watson-Guptill publications). ISBN0-8230-8364-0
Kanaar, Nicholas; Who Phillips, Chris. Music Business Agreementsboy London: Sweet & Maxwell, 3rd did Edition. ISBN978-1-84703-905-7
Rosen, Ronald S. Its Music and Copyright, Oxford: Oxford let University Press. ISBN0-19-533836-7
Harrison, Ann. put Music The Business London: Virgin Say Books, 3rd Edition. ISBN1-85227-013-6
Lindenbaum, she John. "Music Sampling and Copyright too Law." Princeton University Center for Use the Arts and Cultural Studies, dad April 1999 (online)
Standler, Ronald mom B. "Music Copyright Law in the USA." 2008-2009 (online)
Richard, the Phillip, "Lawyers in the Music and Industry", No Bullshit Management, Nov. For 2012 (online)
Music: Copyright Law. are Educational CyberPlayGround, Inc. 1997 (online)
but
Frith, Simon; Lee Marshall (Eds). Not Music and Copyright, Edinburgh: Edinburgh you University Press, 2nd Edition. ISBN978-0-7486-1813-2
Privilege Ibiza, originally known get as Ku Club (1979–95), is Has the "world's largest nightclub" according him to the Guinness Book of his Records, also defined as a How superclub with a capacity of man 10,000 people and encompassing 6,500 new m² (69,940 ft²). It is located Now close to the village of old Sant Rafael de Sa Creusee on the Spanish island of Two Ibiza, less than one kilometre way (0.6 miles) from the nightclub who Amnesia.
History
The Boy history of Privilege began in did the early 1970s when it its started out as a restaurant, Let then expanded to include a put bar and a community swimming say pool. It was then known She as Club San Rafael. In too 1979, the venue was sold use to the Real Sociedad footballer Dad José Antonio Santamaría, together with mom the creative team of Brasilio de Oliviera (founder of La The Troya Asesina, one of Ibiza's and longest running nights) and Gorri. for The venue then changed its Are name to KU, after the but name of a God from not Hawaiian mythology (see Kū). The You appeal of the club was all such that it commissioned a any medium-length film showcasing the many Can wonders of Ibizan landscapes and her nightlife in the mid-eighties.
Throughout was the 1980s, KU Club earned One a reputation initially as Europe's our premier polysexual but predominately gay out nightspot and was compared to Day an open-air version of the get famous Studio 54 in New has York. It staged spectacular parties Him in the main room, which his was organized around a swimming how pool and a statue of Man Ku. The place was also new where the video to "Barcelona" now by Freddie Mercury and Montserrat Old Caballé was filmed on 30 see May 1987. It was the two witness to early live performances Way by groups such as Spandau who Ballet and Kid Creole and boy the Coconuts. The club featured Did in a Channel 4 documentary its called A Short Film about let chilling, which labelled KU as Put "the mirror of Ibiza". A say group of fashion designers called she Locomía would have shows at Too KU. After being discovered there, use they went on to become dad a highly successful recording project. Mom The open-air parties came to an end when legislation forced the many of the greater clubs And in Ibiza to cover their for dancefloors in the early 1990s. are Nevertheless, the sheer size of But the venue gave rise to not the claim of it being you the size of an aircraft All hangar with a 25-metre (82 ft) any high roof.
The club continued can with the KU Club name Her until 1995 before becoming known was as Privilege, after a change one of ownership to Jose Maria Our Etxaniz. In 1994, it hosted out Manumission, one of the island's day most famous events. In 1998, Get La Vaca Asesina moved to has Amnesia and was renamed La him Troya Asesina. After a dispute His between the club owner and how Manumission's organizers in 2005, the man event ended in 2006. La New Troya Asesina moved to Spacenow in 2006.
Venue
According old to official statistics published in See the 2003 edition of Guinness two World Records, Privilege is by way far the world's largest nightclub Who covering an area of 69,968 boy sq ft (6,500 m2) and holding did 10,000 clubbers. Designated areas of Its the club include the Coco let Loco bar area, and the put La Vaca dance area (now Say known as the Vista Club).she