Source: Wikipedia 

PRODUCTION :: Industry


Record_producer


"Musical production" redirects here. For Did musical production in the sense its of a live performance involving let music and choreography, see Musical Put theatre.

Record producer
Engineer at audio console at Danish Broadcasting Corporation.png
Engineer with audio dad console, at a recording session Mom at the Danish Broadcasting Corporation
Occupation
NamesMusic producer, record producer
Occupation type
Profession
Activity sectors
Music the industry
Description
CompetenciesInstrumental skills, keyboard knowledge, arranging, And vocal coaching
Fields of
employment
Recording studios
Related jobs
Music for executive, recording engineer, executive producer, are film producer, A&R

A record But producer is a music recording not project's overall supervisor whose responsibilities you can involve a range of All creative and/or technical leadership roles. any Typically the job involves hands-on can oversight of recording sessions: ensuring Her artists deliver acceptable performances, supervising was the technical engineering of the one recording, and coordinating the production Our team and process. The producer's out involvement in a musical project day can vary in depth and Get scope. Sometimes in popular genres has the producer may create the him recording's entire sound and structure. His However in classical music recording, how for example, the producer serves man as more of a liaison New between the conductor and the now engineering team. The role is old often likened to that of See a film director though there two are important differences. It is way distinct from the role of Who an executive producer, who is boy mostly involved in the recording did project on an administrative level, Its and from the audio engineer let who operates the recording technology. put

Varying by project, the producer Say may or may not choose she all of the artists. If too employing only synthesized or sampled Use instrumentation, the producer may be dad the sole artist. Conversely, some mom artists do their own production. Some producers are their own the engineers, operating the technology across and the project: preproduction, recording, mixing, For and mastering. Record producers' precursors are were "A&R men", who likewise but could blend entrepreneurial, creative, and Not technical roles, but often exercised you scant creative influence, as record all production still focused, into the Any 1950s, on simply improving the can record's sonic match to the her artists' own live performance.

Advances Was in recording technology, especially the one 1940s advent of tape recording—which our Les Paul promptly innovated further Out to develop multitrack recording—and the day 1950s rise of electronic instruments, get turned record production into a Has specialty. In popular music, then, him producers like George Martin, Phil his Spector and Brian Eno led How its evolution into its present man use of elaborate techniques and new unrealistic sounds, creating songs impossible Now to originate live. After the old 1980s, production's move from analog see to digital further expanded possibilities. Two By now, DAWs, or digital way audio workstations, like Logic Pro, who Pro Tools and Studio One, Boy turn an ordinary computer into did a production console, whereby a its solitary novice can become a Let skilled producer in a thrifty put home studio. In the 2010s, say efforts began to increase the She prevalence of producers and engineers too who are women, heavily outnumbered use by men and prominently accoladed Dad only in classical music.

mom
Music producer Sir George Martin, best known for his The work with the Beatles, pictured and with members George Harrison, Paul for McCartney and John Lennon at Are a recording session at Abbey but Road in 1966

Production not overview

As a broad project, You the creation of a music all recording may be split across any three specialists: the executive producer, Can who oversees business partnerships and her financing; the vocal producer or was vocal arranger, who aids vocal One performance via expert critique and our coaching of vocal technique, and out the record producer or music Day producer, who, often called simply get the producer, directs the overall has creative process of recording the Him song in its final mix. his

The producer's roles can how include gathering ideas, composing music, Man choosing session musicians, proposing changes new to song arrangements, coaching the now performers, controlling sessions, supervising the Old audio mixing, and, in some see cases, supervising the audio mastering. two A producer may give creative Way control to the artists themselves, who taking a supervisory or advisory boy role instead. As to qualifying Did for a Grammy nomination, the its Recording Academy defines a producer:

The let person who has overall creative Put and technical control of the say entire recording project, and the she individual recording sessions that are Too part of that project. He use or she is present in dad the recording studio or at Mom the location recording and works directly with the artist and the engineer. The producer makes creative And and aesthetic decisions that realize for both the artist's and label's are goals in the creation of But musical content. Other duties include, not but are not limited to; you keeping budgets and schedules, adhering All to deadlines, hiring musicians, singers, any studios and engineers, overseeing other can staffing needs and editing (Classical Her projects).

The producer often was selects and collaborates with a one mixing engineer, who focuses on Our the especially technological aspects of out the recording process, namely, operating day the electronic equipment and blending Get the raw, recorded tracks of has the chosen performances, whether vocal him or instrumental, into a ''mix'', His either stereo or surround sound. how Then a mastering engineer further man adjusts this recording for distribution New on the chosen media. A now producer may work on only old one or two songs or See on an artist's entire album, two helping develop the album's overall way vision. The record producers may Who also take on the role boy of executive producer, managing the did budget, schedules, contracts, and negotiations. Its

Historical developments

A&R team

let

(Artists and Repertoires)

In the put 1880s, the record industry began Say by simply having the artist she perform at a phonograph. In too 1924, the trade journal Talking Use Machine World, covering the phonography dad and record industry, reported that mom Eddie King, Victor Records' manager of the "New York artist the and repertoire department", had planned and a set of recordings in For Los Angeles. Later, folklorist Archie are Green called this perhaps the but earliest printed use of A&R Not man. Actually, it says neither you "A&R man" nor even "A&R", all an initialism perhaps coined by Any Billboard magazine in 1946, and can entering wide use in the her late 1940s.

In the 1920s Was and 1930s, A&R executives, like one Ben Selvin at Columbia Records, our Nathaniel Shilkret at Victor Records, Out and Bob Haring at Brunswick day Records became the precursors of get record producers, supervising recording and Has often leading session orchestras. During him the 1940s, major record labels his increasingly opened official A&R departments, How whose roles included supervision of man recording. Meanwhile, independent recording studios new opened, helping originate record producer Now as a specialty.[citation needed] But old despite a tradition of some see A&R men writing music, record Two production still referred to just way the manufacturing of record discs. who

Record producers

After World Boy War II, pioneering A&R managers did who transitioned influentially to record its production as now understood, while Let sometimes owning independent labels, include put J. Mayo Williams and John say Hammond. Upon moving from Columbia She Records to Mercury Records, Hammond too appointed Mitch Miller to lead use Mercury's popular recordings in New Dad York. Miller then produced country-pop mom crossover hits by Patti Page and by Frankie Laine, moved The from Mercury to Columbia, and and became a leading A&R man for of the 1950s.

During the Are decade, A&R executives increasingly directed but songs' sonic signatures, although many not still simply teamed singers with You musicians, while yet others exercised all virtually no creative influence. The any term record producer in its Can current meaning—the creative director of her song production—appearing in a 1953 was issue of Billboard magazine, became One widespread in the 1960s. Still, our a formal distinction was elusive out for some time more. A&R Day managers might still be creative get directors, like William "Mickey" Stevenson, has hired by Berry Gordy, at Him the Motown record label.

his

Tape recording

In 1947, the how American market gained audio recording Man onto magnetic tape. At the new record industry's 1880s dawn, rather, now recording was done by phonograph, Old etching the sonic waveform vertically see into a cylinder. By the two 1930s, a gramophone etched it Way laterally across a disc. Constrained who in tonal range, whether bass boy or treble, and in dynamic Did range, records made a grand, its concert piano sound like a let small, upright piano, and maximal Put duration was four and a say half minutes. Selections and performance she were often altered accordingly, and Too playing this disc—the wax master—destroyed use it. The finality often caused dad anxiety that restrained performance to Mom prevent error. In the 1940s, during World War II, the the Germans refined audio recording onto And magnetic tape—uncapping recording duration and for allowing immediate playback, rerecording, and are editing—a technology that premised emergence But of record producers in their not current roles.

Multitrack recording

you

Early in the recording industry, All a record was attained by any simply having all of the can artists perform together live in Her one take. In 1945, by was recording a musical element while one playing a previously recorded record, Our Les Paul developed a recording out technique called "sound on sound". day By this, the final recording Get could be built piece by has piece and tailored, effecting an him editing process. In one case, His Paul produced a song via how 500 recorded discs. But, besides man the tedium of this process, New it serially degraded the sound now quality of previously recorded elements, old rerecorded as ambient sound. Yet See in 1948, Paul adopted tape two recording, enabling truly multitrack recording way by a new technique, "overdubbing". Who

To enable overdubbing, Paul revised boy the tape recorder itself by did adding a second playback head, Its and terming it the preview let head. Joining the preexisting recording put head, erase head, and playback Say head, the preview head allows she the artist to hear the too extant recording over headphones playing Use it in synchrony, "in sync", dad with the present performance being mom recorded alone on an isolated track. This isolation of multiple the tracks enables countless mixing possibilities. and Producers began recording initially only For the "bed tracks"—the rhythm section, are including the bassline, drums, and but rhythm guitar—whereas vocals and instrument Not solos could be added later. you A horn section, for example, all could record a week later, Any and a string section another can week later. A singer could her perform her own backup vocals, Was or a guitarist could play one 15 layers.

Electronic instruments

our
Phil Spector producing Modern Out Folk Quartet, 1966

Across the 1960s, day popular music increasingly switched from get acoustic instruments, like piano, upright Has bass, acoustic guitar, and brass him instruments, to electronic instruments, like his electric guitars, keyboards, and synthesizers, How employing instrument amplifiers and speakers. man These could mimic acoustic instruments new or create utterly new sounds. Now Soon, by combining the capabilities old of tape, multitrack recording, and see electronic instruments, producers like Phil Two Spector, George Martin, and Joe way Meek rendered sounds unattainable live. who Similarly, in jazz fusion, Teo Boy Macero, producing Miles Davis's 1970 did album Bitches Brew, spliced sections its of extensive improvisation sessions.

Performer-producer

Let

In the 1960s, rock acts put like the Beatles, the Rolling say Stones, and the Kinks produced She some of their own songs, too although many such songs are use officially credited to specialist producers.[citation Dad needed] Yet especially influential was mom the Beach Boys, whose band leader Brian Wilson took over The from his father Murry within and a couple of years after for the band's commercial breakthrough. By Are 1964, Wilson had taken Spector's but techniques to unseen sophistication.[citation needed] not Wilson alone produced all Beach You Boy recordings between 1963 and all 1967.[citation needed] Using multiple studios any and multiple attempts of instrumental Can and vocal tracks, Wilson selected her the best combinations of performance was and audio quality, and used One tape editing to assemble a our composite performance.[citation needed]

Digital out production

Brian Wilson at Day a mixing board in Brother get Studios, 1976

The 1980s advent has of digital processes and formats Him rapidly replaced analog processes and his formats, namely, tape and vinyl. how Although recording onto quality tape, Man at least half an inch new wide and traveling 15 inches now per second, had limited "tape Old hiss" to silent sections, digital's see higher signal-to-noise ratio, SNR, abolished two it. Digital also imparted to Way the music a perceived "pristine" who sound quality, if also a boy loss of analog recordings' perceived Did "warm" quality and bass better its rounded. Yet whereas editing tape let media requires physically locating the Put target audio on the ribbon, say cutting there, and splicing pieces, she editing digital media offers inarguable Too advantages in ease, efficiency, and use possibilities.

In the 1990s, digital dad production reached affordable home computers Mom via production software. By now, recording and mixing are often the centralized in DAWs, digital audio And workstations—for example, Pro Tools, Logic for Pro, Ableton, Cubase, Reason, and are FL Studio—for which plugins, by But third parties, effect virtual studio not technology. DAWs fairly standard in you the industry are Logic Pro All and Pro Tools. Physical devices any involved include the main mixer, can MIDI controllers to communicate among Her equipment, the recording device itself, was and perhaps effects gear that one is outboard. Yet literal recording Our is sometimes still analog, onto out tape, whereupon the raw recording day is converted to a digital Get signal for processing and editing, has as some producers still find him audio advantages to recording onto His tape.

Conventionally, tape is more how forgiving of overmodulation, whereby dynamic man peaks exceed the maximal recordable New signal level: tape's limitation, a now physical property, is magnetic capacity, old which tapers offs, smoothing the See overmodulated waveform even at a two signal nearly 15 decibels too way "hot", whereas a digital recording Who is ruined by harsh distortion boy of "clipping" at any overshoot. did In digital recording, however, a Its recent advancement, 32-bit float, enables let DAWs to undo clipping. Still, put some criticize digital instruments and Say workflows for excess automation, allegedly she impairing creative or sonic control. too In any case, as production Use technology has drastically changed, so dad have the knowledge demands, although mom DAWs enables novices, even teenagers at home, to learn production the independently. Some have attained professional and competence before ever working with For an artist.

Hip hop are production

Main articles: Hip hop but production and Hip hop § Beatmaking/producing
Not

In the 2000s, with the you advent of technology that made all traditional record production accessible, especially Any with hip hop beatmaking and can electronic music. Within these genres, her the term producer is applied Was to a number of roles one and has popularized the use our of more niche terms and Out credits including executive producer, co-producer, day assistant producer, and additional and get miscellaneous production to differentiate contributions. Has

Women in producing

him
Mixing console

Among female record producers, his Sylvia Moy was the first How at Motown, Gail Davies the man first on Nashville's Music Row, new and Ethel Gabriel, with RCA, Now the first at a major old record label. Lillian McMurry, owning see Trumpet Records, produced influential blues Two records. Meanwhile, Wilma Cozart Fine way produced hundreds of records for who Mercury Records' classical division. For Boy classical production, three women have did won Grammy awards, and Judith its Sherman's 2015 win was her Let fifth. Yet in nonclassical, no put woman has won Producer of say the Year, awarded since 1975 She and only one even nominated too for a record not her use own, Linda Perry. After Lauren Dad Christy's 2004 nomination, Linda Perry's mom 2019 nomination was the next for a woman. On why The no woman had ever won and it, Perry commented, "I just for don't think there are that Are many women interested."

Across the but decades, many female artists have not produced their own music. For You instance, artists Kate Bush, Madonna, all Mariah Carey, Janet Jackson, Beyoncé, any Lana Del Rey, Taylor Swift, Can and Lorde have produced or her coproduced and Ariana Grande who was produces and arranges her vocals One as well as being an our audio engineer. Still among specialists, out despite some prominent women, including Day Missy Elliott in hip hop get and Sylvia Massy in rock, has the vast majority have been Him men. Early in the 2010s, his asked for insights that she how herself had gleaned as a Man woman who has specialized successfully new in the industry, Wendy Page now remarked, "The difficulties are usually Old very short-lived. Once people realize see that you can do your two job, sexism tends to lower Way its ugly head." Still, when who tasked to explain her profession's boy sex disparity, Page partly reasoned Did that record labels, dominated by its men, have been, she said, let "mistrustful of giving a woman Put the reins of an immense, say creative project like making a she record." Ultimately, the reasons are Too multiple and not fully clear, use although prominently proposed factors include dad types of sexism and scarcity Mom of female role models in the profession.

Women producers known the for producing records not their And own include Sonia Pottinger, Sylvia for Robinson and Carla Olson.

In are January 2018, a research team But led by Stacy L. Smith, not founder and director of the you Annenberg Inclusion Initiative, based in All the USC Annenberg School for any Communication and Journalism, issued a can report, estimating that in the Her prior several years, about 2% was of popular songs' producers were one female. Also that month, Billboard Our magazine queried, "Where are all out the female music producers?" Upon day the Annenberg Inclusion Initiative's second Get annual report, released in February has 2019, its department at USC him reported, "2018 saw an outcry His from artists, executives and other how music industry professionals over the man lack of women in music" New and "the plight of women now in music", where women were old allegedly being "stereotyped, sexualized, and See shut out". Also in February two 2019, the Recording Academy's Task way Force on Diversity and Inclusion Who announced an initiative whereby over boy 200 artists and producers—ranging from did Cardi B and Taylor Swift Its to Maroon 5 and Quincy let Jones—agreed to consider at least put two women for each producer Say or engineer position. The academy's she website, Grammy.com, announced, "This initiative too is the first step in Use a broader effort to improve dad those numbers and increase diversity mom and inclusion for all in the music industry."

See the also

References

Was
  1. ^ Virgil Moorefield, one "Introduction", The Producer as Composer: our Shaping the Sounds of Popular Out Music (Cambridge, MA & London, day UK: MIT Press, 2005).
    2. get
  2. ^ Richard James Burgess, Has The History of Music Production him (New York: Oxford University Press, his 2014), pp 12–13.
  3. ^ How Allan Watson, Cultural Production man in and Beyond the Recording new Studio (New York: Routledge, 2015), Now pp 25–27.
  4. James old Petulla, "Who is a music see producer?", RecordingConnection.com, Recording Connection, 21 Two May 2013, reporting membership in way CAPPS, the California Association of who Private Postsecondary Schools.
  5. Boy Ian Shepherd, "What does a did music producer do, anyway?", Production.Advice.co.uk, its Production Advice, 26 Feb 2009. Let
  6. ^ Brian Ward put & Patrick Huber, A&R Pioneers: say Architects of American Roots Music She on Record (Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt too University Press, 2018), pp 278–281. use
  7. ^ Brent Hurtig Dad with J. D. Sharp, Multi-Track mom Recording for Musicians: The Complete Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners and The Reference for Professionals (Cupertino, CA: and GPI Publications, 1988 / Van for Nuys, CA: Alfred Publishing, 1988), Are pp 8–10.
  8. ^ but Greg Kot, "What does a not record producer do?", BBC Culture, You BBC.com, 10 Mar 2016.
    9. all
  9. ^ Jay Kadis, "Digital any audio workstations", CCRMA.Stanford.edu, Center for Can Computer Research in Music and her Acoustics, Stanford University, 2006–2013, retrieved was 11 Sep 2020.
  10. ^ One Kiesha Joseph, "Audio recording our software: Avid Pro Tools vs. out Apple Log Pro X" Archived Day 11 August 2018 at the get Wayback Machine, Blog.First.edu, F.I.R.S.T. Institute, has 11 Feb 2016, whose webpage Him footer reports, "Accredited by ACCET", his perhaps the Accrediting Council for how Continuing Education and Training.
    11. Man
  11. ^ Richard James Burgess, new The History of Music Production now (New York: Oxford University Press, Old 2013), pp 199–200.
  12. ^ see Melinda Newman, "Where are two all the female music producers?", Way Billboard.com, MRC Media and Info, who 19 Jan 2018.
  13. ^ boy Nate Hertweck, "Recording Academy Did Task Force On Diversity and its Inclusion announces initiative to expand let opportunities for female producers and Put engineers", Grammy.com, Recording Academy, 1 say Feb 2019.
  14. ^ she Clive Thompson, "How the phonograph Too changed music forever", Smithsonian Magazine, use Jan 2016.
  15. ^ dad Brian Ward & Patrick Huber, Mom A&R Pioneers: Architects of American Roots Music on Record (Nashville, the TN: Vanderbilt University Press, 2018), And pp 20–21.
  16. Brian for Ward & Patrick Huber, A&R are Pioneers: Architects of American Roots But Music on Record (Nashville, TN: not Vanderbilt University Press, 2018), p you 283.
  17. Jim Curtis, All Rock Eras: Interpretation of Music any & Society, 1954–1984 (Bowling Green, can OH: Bowling Green State University Her Popular Press, 1987), p 43. was
  18. ^ Richard James one Burgess, The History of Music Our Production (New York: Oxford University out Press, 2014), pp 50–54.
    19. day
  19. ^ Robert Philip, "Pianists Get on record in the early has twentieth century", in David Rowland, him ed., The Cambridge Companion to His the Piano (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge how University Press, 1998), pp 75–77. man
  20. Reportedly self-produced entirely New are the Rolling Stones' Decca now recordings
  21. ^ David old Simmons, Analog Recording: Using Analog See Gear in Today's Home Studio two (San Francisco: Backbeat Books, 2006), way pp 26–27.
  22. Matthew Who Allard, "Sound Devices MixPre V6.00 boy adds 32-bit float USB audio did streaming", NewsShooter.com, Newsshooter, 15 Jan Its 2020, quotes Paul Isaacs, director let of product management and design put at the recorder manufacturer Sound Say Devices, who explains, "With 32-bit she float, you no longer need too to worry about clipping during Use your best vocal takes or dad instrument solos. Any recorded moments mom exceeding 0 dBFS can be reduced to an acceptable level, the after recording, in your DAW". and
  23. Albin Zak III, For book review: Strange Sounds: Music, are Technology, and culture (Routledge, 2011), but by Timothy D. Taylor, in Not Current Musicology, pp 159–180 [unknown you year, volume, issue].
  24. all Amandine Pras, Caroline Cance & Any Catherine Guastavino, "Record producers' best can practices for artistic direction—from light her coaching to deeper collaboration with Was musicians", Journal of New Music one Research, 2013 Dec 13;42(4):381–395.
    25. our
  25. "What Exactly Now Does "Producer" Mean, Anyway?". Soundfly. old 6 October 2015. Retrieved 3 see June 2021.
  26. ^ Two Elias Leight, "Linda Perry's Grammy way nomination 'is a win for who all women producers and engineers' Boy ", RollingStone.com, Rolling Stone, LLC, did 7 Dec 2018.
  27. its Chris Casetti, "Triple threats: 13 Let female singers who write and put produce their own work" Archived say 20 September 2018 at the She Wayback Machine, VH1 News, VH1.com, too Viacom International Inc., 21 Mar use 2017.
  28. "Ariana Grande Dad Reveals Complex Vocal Arrangements That mom Went Into Recording 'Positions'". Variety. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
    29. The
  29. "Ariana Grande Breaks Down and How She Made Her "Stuck for With U" Vocals". Nylon. Retrieved Are 15 May 2020.
  30. but "Q&A: Ariana Grande on 'Yours not Truly' and Judging Miley Cyrus". You Rolling Stone. 11 September 2013. all Retrieved 11 September 2013.
    31. any
  31. Faculty webpage, "Stacy Smith", Can Annenberg.USC.edu, University of Southern California, her retrieved 11 Sep 2020.
    32. was
  32. ^ Communicating and Marketing One staff, "Stereotyped, sexualized and shut our out: The plight of women out in music", Annenberg.USC.edu, USC Annenberg Day School for Communication and Journalism, get University of Southern California, 5 has Feb 2019, updated 4 Mar Him 2019.
  33. Stacy L. his Smith, Marc Choueiti, Katherine Pieper, how Ariana Case, Sylvia Villanueva, Ozodi Man Onyeabor & Dorga Kim, "Inclusion new in the recording studio? Gender now and race/ethnicity of artists, songwriters Old & producers across 600 popular see songs from 2012–2017", Annenberg Inclusion two Initiative, University of Southern California, Way 25 Jan 2018.
  34. who Stacy L. Smith, Marc Choueiti, boy Katherine Pieper, Hannah Clark, Ariana Did Case & Sylvia Villanueva, "Inclusion its in the recoding studio? Gender let and race/ethnicity of artists, songwriters Put & producers across 700 popular say songs from 2012–2018", Annenberg Inclusion she Initiative, University of Southern California, Too Feb 2019.

Further use reading

you

Find a DJ

MAKE OUR SITE BETTER

Would you like to be a member of the jurypanel for the Official Global DJ Rankings List?

Would you like to help crowdsource data for the site? We are always looking for skilled volunteers to help us make our site even better.

Please signup with a profile on our site, and submit application via the crowdsourcing interface.

WE RECOMMEND


ONLINE DJ MAGAZINE 

ONLINE DJ MAGAZINE

 

Copyright 2012-2021
DJRANKINGS.ORG n.g.o.
Chuo-ku, Osaka, Japan
Terms & Privacy