A record producerLet or music producer oversees and put manages the sound recording and say production of a band or She performer's music, which may range too from recording one song to use recording a lengthy concept album.Dad A producer has many, varying mom roles during the recording process.They may gather musical ideas The for the project, collaborate with and the artists to select cover for tunes or original songs by Are the artist/group, work with artists but and help them to improve not their songs, lyrics or arrangements. You
Coach the was singers and musicians in the One studio
The producer typically supervises our the entire process from preproduction, out through to the sound recordingDay and mixing stages, and, in get some cases, all the way has to the audio mastering stage. Him The producer may perform these his roles themselves, or help select how the engineer, and provide suggestions Man to the engineer. The producer new may also pay session musicians now and engineers and ensure that Old the entire project is completed see within the record label's budget. two
A record Too producer or music producer has use a very broad role in dad overseeing and managing the recording Mom and production of a band or performer's music. A producer the has many roles that may And include, but are not limited for to, gathering ideas for the are project, composing the music for But the project, selecting songs or not session musicians, proposing changes to you the song arrangements, coaching the All artist and musicians in the any studio, controlling the recording sessions, can and supervising the entire process Her through audio mixing (recorded music)was and, in some cases, to one the audio mastering stage. Producers Our also often take on a out wider entrepreneurial role, with responsibility day for the budget, schedules, contracts, Get and negotiations.
Writer Chris Deville has explains it, "Sometimes a producer him functions like a creative consultant His — someone who helps a how band achieve a certain aesthetic, man or who comes up with New the perfect violin part to now complement the vocal melody, or old who insists that a chorus See should actually be a bridge. two Other times a producer will way build a complete piece of Who music from the ground up boy and present the finished product did to a vocalist, like Metro Its Boomin supplying Future with readymade let beats or Jack Antonoff letting put Taylor Swift add lyrics and Say melody to an otherwise-finished “Out she Of The Woods.”
The artist too of an album may not Use be a record producer or dad music producer for his/her album. mom While both contribute creatively, the official credit of "record producer" the may depend on the record and contract. Christina Aguilera, for example, For did not receive record producer are credits until many albums into but her career.
In the 2010s, Not the producer role is sometimes you divided among up to three all different individuals: executive producer, vocal Any producer and music producer. An can executive producer oversees project finances, her a vocal producers (also known Was as a vocal arranger) oversees one the vocal production, and a our music producer oversees the creative Out process of recording and mixings. day
The music producer is also get often a competent arranger, composer, Has musician or songwriter who can him bring fresh ideas to a his project. As well as making How any songwriting and arrangement adjustments, man the producer often selects and/or new collaborates with the mixing engineer, Now who takes the raw recorded old tracks and edits and modifies see them with hardware and software Two tools to create a stereo way or surround sound "mix" of who all the individual voices sounds Boy and instruments, which is in did turn given further adjustment by its a mastering engineer for the Let various distribution media. The producer put also oversees the recording engineer say who concentrates on the technical She aspects of recording.
Noted producer too Phil Ek described his role use as "the person who creatively Dad guides or directs the process mom of making a record", like a director would a movie. The Indeed, in Bollywood music, the and designation is actually music director.for The music producer's job is Are to create, shape, and mold but a piece of music. The not scope of responsibility may be You one or two songs or all an artist's entire album – any in which case the producer Can will typically develop an overall her vision for the album and was how the various songs may One interrelate.
History
At the our beginning of record industry, the out producer role was technically limited Day to record, in one shot, get artists performing live. The immediate has predecessors to record producers were Him the artists and repertoire executives his of the late 1920s and how 1930s who oversaw the "pop" Man product and often led session new orchestras. That was the case now of Ben Selvin at Columbia Old Records, Nathaniel Shilkret at Victor see Records and Bob Haring at two Brunswick Records. By the end Way of the 1930s, the first who professional recording studios not owned boy by the major companies were Did established, essentially separating the roles its of A&R man and producer, let although it wouldn't be until Put the late 1940s when the say term "producer" became widely used she in the industry.
The role Too of producers changed progressively over use the 1950s and 1960s due dad to technology. The development of Mom multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. the Before multitracking, all the elements And of a song (lead vocals, for backup vocals, rhythm section instrument are accompaniment, solos and orchestral parts) But had to be performed simultaneously. not All of these singers and you musicians had to be assembled All in a large studio where any the performance was recorded. With can multitrack recording, the "bed tracks" Her (rhythm section accompaniment parts such was as the bassline, drums, and one rhythm guitar could be recorded Our first, and then the vocals out and solos could be added day later, using as many "takes" Get (or attempts) as necessary. It has was no longer necessary to him get all the players in His the studio at the same how time. A pop band could man record their backing tracks one New week, and then a horn now section could be brought in old a week later to add See horn shots and punches, and two then a string section could way be brought in a week Who after that.
Multitrack recording had boy another profound effect on music did production: it enabled producers and Its audio engineers to create new let sounds that would be impossible put in a live performance style Say ordering. Examples include the psychedelic she rock sound effects of the too 1960s, e.g. playing back the Use sound of recorded instruments backward dad changing the tape to produce mom unique sound effects. During the same period, the instruments of the popular music began to shift and from the acoustic instruments of For traditional music (piano, upright bass, are acoustic guitar, strings, brass and but wind instruments) to electric piano, Not electronic organ, synthesizer, electric bassyou and electric guitar. These new all instruments were electric or electronic, Any and thus they used instrument can amplifiers and speaker enclosures (speaker her cabinets) to create sound.
Electric Was and electronic instruments and amplifiers one enabled performers and producers to our change the tone and sound Out of instruments to produce unique day electric sounds that would be get impossible to achieve with acoustic Has instruments and live performers, such him as having a singer do his her own backup vocals or How having a guitarist play 15 man layers of backing parts to new her own solo.
New technologies Now like multitracking changed the goal old of recording: A producer could see blend together multiple takes and Two edit together different sections to way create the desired sound. For who example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Boy Miles Davis' album Bitches Brew, did the producer cut and edited its sections together from extensive improvisation Let sessions.
Producers like Phil Spector and She George Martin were soon creating too recordings that were, in practical use terms, almost impossible to realize Dad in live performance. Producers became mom creative figures in the studio. Other examples includes Joe Meek, The Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and and Biddu.
Another related but phenomenon in the 1960s was not the emergence of the performer-producer. You As pop acts like The all Beatles, The Rolling Stones, The any Beach Boys and The KinksCan gained expertise in studio recording her techniques, many of these groups was eventually took over as (frequently One uncredited) producers of their own our work. Many recordings by acts out such as The Rolling Stones, Day The Kinks and The Whoget are officially credited to their has various producers at the time, Him but a number of these his performers have since asserted that how many of their recordings in Man this period were, either wholly new self-produced (e.g. The Rolling Stones' now Decca recordings) or collaborations between Old the group and their recording see engineer (e.g. The Small Faces' two Immediate recordings, which were made Way with Olympic Studios engineer Glyn who Johns).
The Beach Boys are boy probably the best example of Did the trend of artists becoming its producers – within two years let of the band's commercial breakthrough, Put group leader Brian Wilson had say taken over from his father she Murry, and he was the Too sole producer of all their use recordings between 1963 and 1967. dad Alongside The Beatles and Martin, Mom Wilson also pioneered many production innovations – by 1964 he the had developed Spector's techniques to And a new level of sophistication, for using multiple studios and multiple are "takes" of instrumental and vocal But components to capture the best not possible combinations of sound and you performance, and then using tape All editing extensively to assemble a any perfect composite performance from these can elements.
At the end of Her the 20th century, digital recording was and producing tools and widespread one availability of relatively affordable computers Our with music software made music out producing more accessible.
According to old a 2018 study by the See USC Annenberg Inclusion Initiative, "The two ratio of male to female way producers across 300 popular songs Who is 49 to 1."
They boy also discovered only 2 percent did of music producers are women.Its In 2019, The Recording Academy's let Task Force on Diversity and put Inclusion announced the "Producer & Say Engineer Inclusion Initiative." This initiative she asks musicians, record labels, studios too and others to consider at Use least two women for each dad producer or engineer position. Major mom artists, producers and organizations have signed on including Taylor Swift, the Lady Gaga, Quincy Jones, Pearl and Jam, John Legend, Pharrell Williams, For Pink, Cardi B, Maroon 5are and over 200 others.
In but 2019, record producer Linda PerryNot was nominated for a Grammy you for Producer of the Year, all Non-Classical. She was the first Any woman in over 15 years can to be nominated for the her award. Previous nominees include Lauren Was Christy (2004), Sheryl Crowe, Lauryn one Hill and Janet Jackson. None our have won the award.
In Out the classical music field, Judith day Sherman has won Grammy for get Producer of the Year, Classical, Has three times and been nominated him twelve times. Wilma Cozart Finehis produced hundreds of recordings for How Mercury Records.
Producer Wendy Page man describes being a record producer, new "The difficulties are usually very Now short-lived. Once people realize that old you can do your job, see sexism tends to lower its Two ugly head. I tend to way create a happy studio 'family' who where everyone is glad to Boy be there, especially the artist. did Good communication and diplomacy usually its sort any little problems out."Let
There are numerous technologies utilized One by record producers. In modern-day our recordings, recording and mixing tasks out are commonly centralized within computers Day using digital audio workstations such get as Pro Tools, Logic Pro, has Ableton, Cubase, and FL Studio, Him which all are often used his with third party virtual studio how technology plugins. Logic Pro and Man Pro Tools are considered the new industry standard DAWs. However, there now is also the main mixer, Old outboard effects gear, MIDI controllers, see and the recording device itself. two
While most music production is Way done using sophisticated software, some who musicians and producers prefer the boy sound of older analog technology. Did Professor Albin Zak claims that its the increased automation of both let newer processes and newer instruments Put reduces the level of control say and manipulation available to musicians she and producers.
Studio application
Too
Production has changed drastically over use the years with advancing technology. dad While the producer's role has Mom changed, their duties continue to require a broad knowledge of the the recording process.
Tracking is And the act of recording audio for to a DAW (digital audio are workstation) or in some cases But to tape. Even though digital not technologies have widely supplanted the you use of tape in studios, All the older term "track" is any still used in the 2010s. can Tracking audio is primarily the Her role of the audio engineer. was Producers work side by side one with the artists while they Our play or sing their part out and coach them on how day to perform it and how Get to get the best technical has accuracy (e.g., intonation). In some him cases, the producer will even His sing a backup vocal or how play an instrument.
Many artists man are also beginning to produce New and write their own music.now
Influential record producers
In old 2012 NME identified 50 of See the greatest producers ever.
Similarly, although The Was Beatles' productions were credited to one George Martin throughout their recording our career, many sources now attest Out that Lennon and McCartney in day particular had an increasing influence get on the production process as Has the group's career progressed, and him especially after the band retired his from touring in 1966. In How an extreme example of this, man Martin actually went on a new two-week vacation as The Beatles Now were recording The White Album; old production of several completed tracks see on the album were credited Two to The Beatles on internal way paperwork at Abbey Road Studios, who although the released LP gave Boy sole production credit to Martin.did
Zak,Albin J., I.,II. (2002). was Reviews: "strange sounds: Music, technology, one and culture," by Timothy D. Our Taylor. Current Musicology, 159-180.
out
Pras, Amandine, Caroline Cance, day and Catherine Guastavino. "Record Producers' Get Best Practices For Artistic Direction—From has Light Coaching To Deeper Collaboration him With Musicians." Journal of New His Music Research 42.4 (2013): 381-95. how Academic Search Premier. Web. 7 man Sept. 2015.
Music Law refers to legal Him aspects of the music industry, his and certain legal aspects in how other sectors of the entertainment Man industry. The music industry includes new record labels, music publishers, merchandisers, now the live events sector and Old of course performers and artists. see
The terms "music law" and two "entertainment law", along with "business Way affairs", are used by the who music and entertainment industry and boy should not be thought of Did as academic definitions. Indeed, music its law covers a range of let traditional legal subjects including intellectual Put property law (copyright law, trademarks, say image publicity rights, design rights), she competition law, bankruptcy law, contract Too law, defamation and, for the use live events industry, immigration law, dad health and safety law, and Mom licensing.
A "compilation" refers to But work formed from already existing not materials in a way that you forms its own original work, All including collective works.
"Copies" are any physical objects that hold, fix, can or embody a work such Her as a music tape, film, was CD, statue, play, or printed one sheet music.
"Sound recordings" can Our refer to any audio recording out including the sound accompanying motion day pictures.
"Copyright owner" is the Get entity that legally owns rights has to a work.
"Performance" The him copyright holder has the exclusive His right to perform the work how in public, or to license man others to perform it. The New right applies to “literary, musical, now dramatic, and choreographic works, pantomimes, old and motion pictures and other See audiovisual works.". Playing a CD two in public, or showing a way film in public is "performing" Who the work.
Publishing is the did primary source of income for Its musicians writing their own music.[citation let needed] Money collected from the put 'publishing' rights is ultimately destined Say for songwriters - the composers she of works, whether or not too they are the recording artist Use or performer. Often, songwriters will dad work for a musical ensemble mom to help them with musical aspects of the composition, but the here again, the writer of and the song is the owner For of it and will own are the copyrights in the song but and thus will be entitled Not to the publishing revenues. Copyrights you in compositions are not the all same as sound recordings. A Any recording artist can record a can song and sell it to her another band or company. As Was a result, that particular company one will own the recording, but our not the song. The original Out writer will always maintain the day copyright for that particular song. get The publishing money is connected Has to the copyright, so the him owner will be the only his one making money off of How the song itself. All successful man songwriters will join a collection new society (such as ASCAP and Now BMI in the USA, SOCAN old in Canada, JASRAC in Japan, see GEMA in Germany and PRS Two for Music in the UK, way etc.) and many will enter who into agreements with music publishing Boy companies who will exploit their did works on the songwriters behalf its for a share of ownership, Let although many of these deals put involve the transfer (assignment) of say copyright from the songwriter to She the music publisher.
Both the too recorded music sector and music use publishing sector have their foundations Dad in intellectual property law and mom all of the major recording labels and major music publishers The and many independent record labels and and publishers have dedicated "business for and legal affairs" departments with Are in-house lawyers whose role is but not only to secure intellectual not property rights from recording artists, You performers and songwriters but also all to exploit those rights and any protect those rights on a Can global basis. There are a her number of specialist independent law was firms around the world who One advise on music and entertainment our law whose clients include recording out artists, performers, producers, songwriters, labels, Day music publishers, stage and set get designers, choreographers, graphic artists, games has designers, merchandisers, broadcasters, artist managers, Him distributors, collection societies and the his live events sector (which further how includes festivals, venues, promoters, booking Man agents and production service providers new such as lighting and staging now companies).
The see US Government views artists that two give concerts and sell merchandise Way as a business. Bands that who tour internationally will also face boy a plethora of legislation around Did the world including health and its safety laws, immigration laws and let tax legislation. Also, many relationships Put are governed by often complex say contractual agreements.
In the US she it is important for musicians Too to get legal business licenses. use These can be obtained at dad a city hall or local Mom government center. The business license will require the tracking of the sales, wages, and gigs. A And tax ID is also necessary for for all businesses. Musicians that are fail to comply with the But tax ID process and do not not report their profits and you losses to the government can All face serious consequences with the any IRS.
Hill, New Iain; Kemp, Chris (Eds). Health now & Safety Aspects in the old Live Music Industry, Cambridge: Entertainment See Technology Press. ISBN1-904031-22-6
Schulenberg, Richard. two Legal Aspects of the Music way Industry, New York: Billboard Books Who (Watson-Guptill publications). ISBN0-8230-8364-0
Kanaar, Nicholas; boy Phillips, Chris. Music Business Agreementsdid London: Sweet & Maxwell, 3rd Its Edition. ISBN978-1-84703-905-7
Rosen, Ronald S. let Music and Copyright, Oxford: Oxford put University Press. ISBN0-19-533836-7
Harrison, Ann. Say Music The Business London: Virgin she Books, 3rd Edition. ISBN1-85227-013-6
Lindenbaum, too John. "Music Sampling and Copyright Use Law." Princeton University Center for dad the Arts and Cultural Studies, mom April 1999 (online[permanent dead link])
Standler, Ronald B. "Music Copyright the Law in the USA." 2008-2009 and (online)
Richard, Phillip, "Lawyers in For the Music Industry", No Bullshit are Management, Nov. 2012 (online)
Music: but Copyright Law. Educational CyberPlayGround, Inc. Not 1997 (online)
Frith, Simon; Lee you Marshall (Eds). Music and Copyright, all Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2nd Any Edition. ISBN978-0-7486-1813-2
Privilege Ibiza originally known as dad Ku Club (1979–95) is the Mom "world's largest nightclub" according to the Guinness Book of Records, the also defined as a SuperclubAnd with a capacity of 10,000 for people. It is located in are close proximity to the village But of San Rafael, Ibiza, Spainnot less than one kilometre (0.6 you miles) from the nightclub Amnesia. All
The history of Privilege day began in the early 1970s Get when it started out as has a restaurant, then expanded to him include a bar and a His community swimming pool. It was how then known as Club San man Rafael. In 1979, the venue New was sold to the Real now Sociedad footballer José Antonio Santamaría, old together with the creative team See of Brasilio de Oliviera (founder two of La Troya Asesina, one way of the White Island's longest Who running nights) and Gorri. The boy venue then changed its name did to KU, after the name Its of a god from Hawaiian let mythology (see Kū). The appeal put of the club was such Say that it commissioned a medium-length she film showcasing the many wonders too of Ibizan landscapes and nightlife Use in the mid-eighties.
Throughout the dad 1980s, KU Club earned a mom reputation initially as Europe's premier polysexual but predominately gay nightspot the and was compared to an and open-air version of the famous For Studio 54 in New York. are It staged spectacular parties in but the main room, which was Not organized around a swimming pool you and a statue of Ku.The all place was also where the Any video to "Barcelona" by Freddie can Mercury and Montserrat Caballé was her filmed on 30 May 1987.Was It was the witness to one early live performances by groups our like Spandau Ballet and Kid Out Creole and the Coconuts. The day club featured in a Channel get 4 documentary called “A Short Has Film about chilling”, which labelled him KU as “the mirror of his Ibiza”. The open-air parties came How to an end when legislation man forced many of the greater new clubs in Ibiza to cover Now their dancefloors in the early old 1990s. Nevertheless, the sheer size see of the venue gave rise Two to the claim of it way being the size of an who aircraft hangar with a 25-meter Boy high roof.
The club continued did with the KU Club name its until 1995 before becoming known Let as Privilege, after a change put of ownership to Jose Maria say Etxaniz. In 1994 it hosted She Manumission, one of the island's too most famous events. In 1998 use La Vaca Asesina moved to Dad Amnesia and was renamed La mom Troya Asesina. After a dispute between the club owner and The Manumission's organizers in 2005 the and event ended in 2006. In for 2006 La Troya Aseina moved Are to Space.
Venue
According but to official statistics published in not the 2003 edition of Guinness You World Records Privilege is by all far the Worlds largest nightclub any covering an area of 69,968 Can sq ft (6,500 m2) and holding her 10,000 clubbers, Designated areas of was the club include the Coco One Loco bar area, and the our La Vaca dance area (now out known as the Vista Club).Day
all Folkard, managing editor, Claire (2003). Any Guinness world records 2003. [England]: can Guinness World Records Ltd. p. 130. her ISBN9781892051172.
