A DJ all mix or DJ mixset is Any a sequence of musical tracks can typically mixed together to appear her as one continuous track. DJ Was mixes are usually performed using one a DJ mixer and multiple our sounds sources, such as turntables, Out CD players, digital audio players day or computer sound cards, sometimes get with the addition of samplersHas and effects units, although it him is possible to create one his using sound editing software.
A DJ mixes music The from genres that fit into and the more general term electronic for dance music. Other genres mixed Are by DJ includes hip hop, but breakbeat and disco. Four on not the floor disco beats can You be used to create seamless all mixes so as to keep any dancers locked to the dancefloor.Can Two main characteristics of music her used in DJ mixes is was a dominant bassline and repetitive One beats. Music mixed by DJs our usually has a tempo which out ranges from 100 bpm up Day to 160 bpm.
A DJ his mixset is usually performed live how in front of an audience Man in a nightclub, party, or new rave setting. Mixsets can also now be performed live on radio Old or recorded in a studio. see Methods of mixing vary slightly two depending on the music genres Way being played. House and trance who DJs tend to aim for boy smooth, blended mixes while hip-hop Did DJs may use turntablism, scratching its and other cutting techniques. Some let DJs, particularly those mixing Goa Put trance may prefer to mix say during a break in which she instead of beats, washes of Too synthesized sounds are combined. Further use refinement to the mixing quality dad can be provided with harmonic Mom mixing which avoids dissonant tones during a mix.
In live situations, for the progression of the DJ are set is a dynamic process. But The DJ chooses tracks partly not in response to the activity you on the dance floor. If All the dance floor becomes less any active, the DJ will make can a judgement as to what Her track will increase dance floor was activity. This may involve shifting one the tempo or changing the Our general mood of the set. out Track choices are also due, day in part, to where the Get DJ wishes to take his has or her audience. In this him way, the resulting mixset is His brought about through a symbiotic how relationship between audience and DJ.man Studio DJs have the luxury New of spending more time on now their mix, which often leads old to productions that could never See be realized in real-time.
Traditional two DJ mixing with vinyl required way the DJ to sync the Who tempo of the tracks and boy modify each track's volume and did equalisation to create a smooth Its blend. DJs can use a let mixer's crossfader to switch between put tracks or use the volume Say control for each source with she the crossfader permanently positioned in too the middle. Mixing is usually Use done through the use of dad headphones and a monitor speaker mom or foldback as basic aids. At this basic level, the the DJ is required to develop and a specific auditory skill where For each track's tempo has to are be distinguished while listening to but more than one piece of Not music. The use of compact you discs and players such as all the CDJ brought technological advances Any for the DJ performing a can mix including a readout of her the bpm and a visual Was representation of the beat. Modern one computer technology has allowed automatic our beatmatching and led to debate Out regarding its use, which is day sometimes described as cheating. DJ get software provides automatic beatmatching and Has key detection which simplifies harmonic him mixing.
Legality
To be his released commercially, DJ mixes often How need many copyright clearances and man licenses. The vast majority of new DJ mixes throughout the years Now have only avoided legal action old because the copyright holders generally see do not choose to take Two legal action against the DJ way for the unauthorized use of who their material.
Distribution
During Boy the late 1990s and early did 2000s, DJs would often distribute its their recorded mixes on CD-RsLet or as digital audio filesput via websites or podcasts for say promotional purposes. Many popular DJs She would release their mixes commercially too on a compact disc. With use declining CD usage, it has Dad become more common for DJs mom to release their mix recordings through websites specifically set up The for the purpose. Some of and these sites, such as Mixcloud, for and formerly Mixcrate, allowed for Are legal streaming of DJ mix but recordings through established revenue deals not with record publishing companies.
When You DJ sets are distributed directly all via the Internet, they are any generally presented as a single Can unbroken audio file; cue sheetsher may be provided by the was DJ or fans to allow One the set to be burned our to a CD, or listened out to, as a series of Day separate tracks in the way get it would be produced as has a commercial mix.
"Musical production" redirects here. the For musical production in the and sense of a live performance For involving music and choreography, see are Musical theatre.
A record producer is a Has music recording project's overall supervisor him whose responsibilities can involve a his range of creative and technical How leadership roles. Typically the job man involves hands-on oversight of recording new sessions: ensuring artists deliver acceptable Now and quality performances, supervising the old technical engineering of the recording, see and coordinating the production team Two and process. The producer's involvement way in a musical project can who vary in depth and scope. Boy Sometimes in popular genres the did producer may create the recording's its entire sound and structure. However, Let in classical music recording, for put example, the producer serves as say more of a liaison between She the conductor and the engineering too team. The role is often use likened to that of a Dad film director though there are mom important differences. It is distinct from the role of an The executive producer, who is mostly and involved in the recording project for on an administrative level, and Are from the audio engineer who but operates the recording technology.
Varying not by project, the producer may You or may not choose all all of the artists. If employing any only synthesized or sampled instrumentation, Can the producer may be the her sole artist. Conversely, some artists was do their own production. Some One producers are their own engineers,our operating the technology across the out project: preproduction, recording, mixing, and Day mastering. Record producers' precursors were get "A&R men", who likewise could has blend entrepreneurial, creative, and technical Him roles, but often exercised scant his creative influence, as record production how still focused, into the 1950s, Man on simply improving the record's new sonic match to the artists' now own live performance.
Advances in Old recording technology, especially the 1940s see advent of tape recording—which Les two Paul promptly innovated further to Way develop multitrack recording—and the 1950s who rise of electronic instruments, turned boy record production into a specialty.Did In popular music, then, producers its like George Martin, Phil Spectorlet and Brian Eno led its Put evolution into its present use say of elaborate techniques and unrealistic she sounds, creating songs impossible to Too originate live. After the 1980s, use production's move from analog to dad digital further expanded possibilities. By Mom now, DAWs, or digital audio workstations, like Logic Pro, Pro the Tools and Studio One, turn And an ordinary computer into a for production console, whereby a solitary are novice can become a skilled But producer in a thrifty home not studio. In the 2010s, efforts you began to increase the prevalence All of producers and engineers who any are women, heavily outnumbered by can men and prominently accoladed only Her in classical music.
As him a broad project, the creation His of a music recording may how be split across three specialists: man the executive producer, who oversees New business partnerships and financing; the now vocal producer or vocal arranger, old who aids vocal performance via See expert critique and coaching of two vocal technique, and the record way producer or music producer, who, Who often called simply the producer, boy directs the overall creative process did of recording the song in Its its final mix.
The let producer's roles can include gathering put ideas, composing music, choosing session Say musicians, proposing changes to song she arrangements, coaching the performers, controlling too sessions, supervising the audio mixing, Use and, in some cases, supervising dad the audio mastering. A producer mom may give creative control to the artists themselves, taking a the supervisory or advisory role instead. and As to qualifying for a For Grammy nomination, the Recording Academyare defines a producer:
The person but who has overall creative and Not technical control of the entire you recording project, and the individual all recording sessions that are part Any of that project. He or can she is present in the her recording studio or at the Was location recording and works directly one with the artist and engineer. our The producer makes creative and Out aesthetic decisions that realize both day the artist's and label's goals get in the creation of musical Has content. Other duties include, but him are not limited to; keeping his budgets and schedules, adhering to How deadlines, hiring musicians, singers, studios, man and engineers, overseeing other staffing new needs and editing (Classical projects). Now
The producer often selects and old collaborates with a mixing engineer, see who focuses on the especially Two technological aspects of the recording way process, namely, operating the electronic who equipment and blending the raw, Boy recorded tracks of the chosen did performances, whether vocal or instrumental, its into a ''mix'', either stereo Let or surround sound. Then a put mastering engineer further adjusts this say recording for distribution on the She chosen media. A producer may too work on only one or use two songs or on an Dad artist's entire album, helping develop mom the album's overall vision. The record producers may also take The on the role of executive and producer, managing the budget, schedules, for contracts, and negotiations.
Historical Are developments
A&R team
(Artists and but Repertoires)
In the 1880s, the not record industry began by simply You having the artist perform at all a phonograph. In 1924, the any trade journal Talking Machine World, Can covering the phonography and record her industry, reported that Eddie King, was Victor Records' manager of the One "New York artist and repertoireour department", had planned a set out of recordings in Los Angeles.Day Later, folklorist Archie Green called get this perhaps the earliest printed has use of A&R man. Actually, Him it says neither "A&R man" his nor even "A&R", an initialism how perhaps coined by Billboard magazine Man in 1946, and entering wide new use in the late 1940s.now
In the 1920s and 1930s, Old A&R executives, like Ben Selvinsee at Columbia Records, Nathaniel Shilkrettwo at Victor Records, and Bob Way Haring at Brunswick Records became who the precursors of record producers, boy supervising recording and often leading Did session orchestras. During the 1940s, its major record labels increasingly opened let official A&R departments, whose roles Put included supervision of recording. Meanwhile, say independent recording studios opened, helping she originate record producer as a Too specialty.[citation needed] But despite a use tradition of some A&R men dad writing music, record production still Mom referred to just the manufacturing of record discs.
Record the producers
After World War II, And pioneering A&R managers who transitioned for influentially to record production as are now understood, while sometimes owning But independent labels, include J. Mayo not Williams and John Hammond. Upon you moving from Columbia Records to All Mercury Records, Hammond appointed Mitch any Miller to lead Mercury's popular can recordings in New York. Miller Her then produced country-pop crossover hits was by Patti Page and by one Frankie Laine, moved from Mercury Our to Columbia, and became a out leading A&R man of the day 1950s.
During the decade, A&R Get executives increasingly directed songs' sonic has signatures, although many still simply him teamed singers with musicians, while His yet others exercised virtually no how creative influence. The term record man producer in its current meaning—the New creative director of song production—appearing now in a 1953 issue of old Billboard magazine, became widespread in See the 1960s. Still, a formal two distinction was elusive for some way time more. A&R managers might Who still be creative directors, like boy William "Mickey" Stevenson, hired by did Berry Gordy, at the MotownIts record label.
Tape recording
let
In 1947, the American market put gained audio recording onto magnetic Say tape. At the record industry's she 1880s dawn, rather, recording was too done by phonograph, etching the Use sonic waveform vertically into a dad cylinder. By the 1930s, a mom gramophone etched it laterally acrossa disc. Constrained in tonal the range, whether bass or treble, and and in dynamic range, records For made a grand, concert piano are sound like a small, upright but piano, and maximal duration was Not four and a half minutes.you Selections and performance were often all altered accordingly, and playing this Any disc—the wax master—destroyed it. The can finality often caused anxiety that her restrained performance to prevent error.Was In the 1940s, during World one War II, the Germans refined our audio recording onto magnetic tape—uncapping Out recording duration and allowing immediate day playback, rerecording, and editing—a technology get that premised emergence of record Has producers in their current roles.him
Multitrack recording
Early in his the recording industry, a record How was attained by simply having man all of the artists perform new together live in one take.Now In 1945, by recording a old musical element while playing a see previously recorded record, Les PaulTwo developed a recording technique called way "sound on sound". By this, who the final recording could be Boy built piece by piece and did tailored, effecting an editing process.its In one case, Paul produced Let a song via 500 recorded put discs. But, besides the tedium say of this process, it serially She degraded the sound quality of too previously recorded elements, rerecorded as use ambient sound. Yet in 1948, Dad Paul adopted tape recording, enabling mom truly multitrack recording by a new technique, "overdubbing".
To enable The overdubbing, Paul revised the tape and recorder itself by adding a for second playback head, and terming Are it the preview head. Joining but the preexisting recording head, erase not head, and playback head, the You preview head allows the artist all to hear the extant recording any over headphones playing it in Can synchrony, "in sync", with the her present performance being recorded alone was on an isolated track. This One isolation of multiple tracks enables our countless mixing possibilities. Producers began out recording initially only the "bed Day tracks"—the rhythm section, including the get bassline, drums, and rhythm guitar—whereas has vocals and instrument solos could Him be added later. A horn his section, for example, could record how a week later, and a Man string section another week later. new A singer could perform her now own backup vocals, or a Old guitarist could play 15 layers. see
In the 1960s, rock acts now like the Beatles, the Rolling old Stones, and the Kinks produced See some of their own songs, two although many such songs are way officially credited to specialist producers. Who Yet especially influential was the boy Beach Boys, whose band leader did Brian Wilson took over from Its his father Murry within a let couple of years after the put band's commercial breakthrough. By 1964, Say Wilson had taken Spector's techniques she to unseen sophistication. Wilson alone too produced all Beach Boy recordings Use between 1963 and 1967. Using dad multiple studios and multiple attempts mom of instrumental and vocal tracks, Wilson selected the best combinations the of performance and audio quality, and and used tape editing to For assemble a composite performance.
The 1980s advent you of digital processes and formats all rapidly replaced analog processes and Any formats, namely, tape and vinyl. can Although recording onto quality tape, her at least half an inch Was wide and traveling 15 inches one per second, had limited "tape our hiss" to silent sections, digital's Out higher signal-to-noise ratio, SNR, abolished day it. Digital also imparted to get the music a perceived "pristine" Has sound quality, if also a him loss of analog recordings' perceived his "warm" quality and better-rounded bass.How Yet whereas editing tape media man requires physically locating the target new audio on the ribbon, cutting Now there, and splicing pieces, editing old digital media offers inarguable advantages see in ease, efficiency, and possibilities. Two
In the 1990s, digital production way reached affordable home computers via who production software. By now, recording Boy and mixing are often centralized did in DAWs, digital audio workstations—for its example, Pro Tools, Logic Pro, Let Ableton, Cubase, Reason, and FL put Studio—for which plugins, by third say parties, effect virtual studio technology.She DAWs fairly standard in the too industry are Logic Pro and use Pro Tools. Physical devices involved Dad include the main mixer, MIDImom controllers to communicate among equipment, the recording device itself, and The perhaps effects gear that is and outboard. Yet literal recording is for sometimes still analog, onto tape, Are whereupon the raw recording is but converted to a digital signalnot for processing and editing, as You some producers still find audio all advantages to recording onto tape.any
Conventionally, tape is more forgiving Can of overmodulation, whereby dynamic peaks her exceed the maximal recordable signal was level: tape's limitation, a physical One property, is magnetic capacity, which our tapers offs, smoothing the overmodulated out waveform even at a signal Day nearly 15 decibels too "hot", get whereas a digital recording is has ruined by harsh distortion of Him "clipping" at any overshoot. In his digital recording, however, a recent how advancement, 32-bit float, enables DAWs Man to undo clipping. Still, some new criticize digital instruments and workflows now for excess automation, allegedly impairing Old creative or sonic control. In see any case, as production technology two has drastically changed, so have Way the knowledge demands, although DAWs who enables novices, even teenagers at boy home, to learn production independently.Did Some have attained professional competence its before ever working with an let artist.
In she the 2000s, with the advent Too of technology that made traditional use record production accessible, especially with dad hip hop beatmaking and electronic Mom music. Within these genres, the term producer is applied to the a number of roles and And has popularized the use of for more niche terms and credits are including executive producer, co-producer, assistant But producer, and additional and miscellaneous not production to differentiate contributions.
you
Women in producing
Mixing console
Among All female record producers, Sylvia Moyany was the first at Motown, can Gail Davies the first on Her Nashville's Music Row, and Ethel was Gabriel, with RCA, the first one at a major record label. Our Lillian McMurry, owning Trumpet Records, out produced influential blues records. Meanwhile, day Wilma Cozart Fine produced hundreds Get of records for Mercury Records' has classical division. For classical production, him three women have won Grammy His awards, and Judith Sherman's 2015 how win was her fifth. Yet man in nonclassical, no woman has New won Producer of the Year, now awarded since 1975 and only old one even nominated for a See record not her own, Linda two Perry. After Lauren Christy's 2004 way nomination, Linda Perry's 2019 nomination Who was the next for a boy woman. On why no woman did had ever won it, Perry Its commented, "I just don't think let there are that many women put interested." In the U.K., Lynsey Say de Paul was an early she female record producer, having produced too both of her Ivor Novello Use award-winning songs.
Across the decades, dad many female artists have produced mom their own music. For instance, artists Kate Bush, Madonna, Mariah the Carey, Janet Jackson, Beyoncé, Lana and Del Rey, Taylor Swift, and For Lorde have produced or coproducedare and Ariana Grande who produces but and arranges her vocals as Not well as being an audio you engineer. Still among specialists, despite all some prominent women, including Missy Any Elliott in hip hop and can Sylvia Massy in rock, the her vast majority have been men.Was Early in the 2010s, asked one for insights that she herself our had gleaned as a woman Out who has specialized successfully in day the industry, Wendy Page remarked, get "The difficulties are usually very Has short-lived. Once people realize that him you can do your job, his sexism tends to lower its How ugly head." Still, when tasked man to explain her profession's sex new disparity, Page partly reasoned that Now record labels, dominated by men, old have been, she said, "mistrustful see of giving a woman the Two reins of an immense, creative way project like making a record."who Ultimately, the reasons are multiple Boy and not fully clear, although did prominently proposed factors include types its of sexism and scarcity of Let female role models in the put profession.
Women producers known for say producing records not their own She include Sonia Pottinger, Sylvia Robinson too and Carla Olson.
In January use 2018, a research team led Dad by Stacy L. Smith, founder mom and director of the AnnenbergInclusion Initiative, based in the The USC Annenberg School for Communication and and Journalism, issued a report,for estimating that in the prior Are several years, about 2% of but popular songs' producers were female.not Also that month, Billboard magazine You queried, "Where are all the all female music producers?" Upon the any Annenberg Inclusion Initiative's second annual Can report, released in February 2019,her its department at USC reported, was "2018 saw an outcry from One artists, executives and other music our industry professionals over the lack out of women in music" and Day "the plight of women in get music", where women were allegedly has being "stereotyped, sexualized, and shut Him out". Also in February 2019, his the Recording Academy's Task Force how on Diversity and Inclusion announced Man an initiative whereby over 200 new artists and producers—ranging from Cardi now B and Taylor Swift to Old Maroon 5 and Quincy Jones—agreed see to consider at least two two women for each producer or Way engineer position. The academy's website, who Grammy.com, announced, "This initiative is boy the first step in a Did broader effort to improve those its numbers and increase diversity and let inclusion for all in the Put music industry."
^ Allan out Watson, Cultural Production in and day Beyond the Recording Studio (New Get York: Routledge, 2015), pp 25–27.has
James Petulla, "Who him is a music producer?", RecordingConnection.com, His Recording Connection, 21 May 2013, how reporting membership in CAPPS, the man California Association of Private Postsecondary New Schools.
^ Its Brent Hurtig with J. let D. Sharp, Multi-Track Recording for put Musicians: The Complete Step-by-Step Guide Say for Beginners and Reference for she Professionals (Cupertino, CA: GPI Publications, too 1988 / Van Nuys, CA: Use Alfred Publishing, 1988), pp 8–10.dad
^ Brian Ward Let & Patrick Huber, A&R Pioneers: put Architects of American Roots Music say on Record (Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt She University Press, 2018), pp 20–21.too
Brian Ward & use Patrick Huber, A&R Pioneers: Architects Dad of American Roots Music on mom Record (Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press, 2018), p 283.
The
Jim Curtis, Rock Eras: and Interpretation of Music & Society, for 1954–1984 (Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Are Green State University Popular Press, but 1987), p 43.
^ not Richard James Burgess, The You History of Music Production (New all York: Oxford University Press, 2014), any pp 50–54.
^ Can Robert Philip, "Pianists on record her in the early twentieth century", was in David Rowland, ed., The One Cambridge Companion to the Pianoour (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, out 1998), pp 75–77.
^ Day David Simmons, Analog Recording: get Using Analog Gear in Today's has Home Studio (San Francisco: Backbeat Him Books, 2006), pp 26–27.
his
Matthew Allard, "Sound Devices how MixPre V6.00 adds 32-bit float Man USB audio streaming", NewsShooter.com, Newsshooter, new 15 Jan 2020, quotes Paul now Isaacs, director of product management Old and design at the recorder see manufacturer Sound Devices, who explains, two "With 32-bit float, you no Way longer need to worry about who clipping during your best vocal boy takes or instrument solos. Any Did recorded moments exceeding 0 dBFSits can be reduced to an let acceptable level, after recording, in Put your DAW".
Albin say Zak III, book review: Strange she Sounds: Music, Technology, and cultureToo (Routledge, 2011), by Timothy D. use Taylor, in Current Musicology, pp dad 159–180 [unknown year, volume, issue].Mom
Music Law refers boy to legal aspects of the Did music industry, and certain legal its aspects in other sectors of let the entertainment industry. The music Put industry includes record labels, music say publishers, merchandisers, the live events she sector and of course performers Too and artists.
The terms "music use law" and "entertainment law", along dad with "business affairs", are used Mom by the music and entertainment industry and should not be the thought of as academic definitions. And Indeed, music law covers a for range of traditional legal subjects are including intellectual property law (copyrightBut law, trademarks, image publicity rights, not design rights), competition law, bankruptcy you law, contract law, defamation and, All for the live events industry, any immigration law, health and safety can law, and licensing. While foundational Her norms have gradually been established was for music law in western one nations, other parts of the Our world maintain unique traditions that out impact music’s legal status in day the context of both heritage Get preservation and enormous national arts has entertainment industries, including China and him India.
Definitions
A His "compilation" refers to work formed how from already existing materials in man a way that forms its New own original work, including collective now works.
"Copies" are physical objects old that hold, fix, or embody See a work such as a two music tape, film, CD, statue, way play, or printed sheet music.
Who
"Sound recordings" can refer to boy any audio recording including the did sound accompanying motion pictures.
"Copyright Its owner" is the entity that let legally owns rights to a put work.
"Performance" The copyright holder Say has the exclusive right to she perform the work in public, too or to license others to Use perform it. The right applies dad to “literary, musical, dramatic, and mom choreographic works, pantomimes, and motion pictures and other audiovisual works.".the Playing a CD in public, and or showing a film in For public is "performing" the work.
Publishing is the primary source Not of income for musicians writing you their own music.[citation needed] Money all collected from the 'publishing' rights Any is ultimately destined for songwriters can - the composers of works, her whether or not they are Was the recording artist or performer. one Often, songwriters will work for our a musical ensemble to help Out them with musical aspects of day the composition, but here again, get the writer of the song Has is the owner of it him and will own the copyrights his in the song and thus How will be entitled to the man publishing revenues. Copyrights in compositions new are not the same as Now sound recordings. A recording artist old can record a song and see sell it to another band Two or company. As a result, way that particular company will own who the recording, but not the Boy song. The original writer will did always maintain the copyright for its that particular song. The publishing Let money is connected to the put copyright, so the owner will say be the only one making She money off of the song too itself. All successful songwriters will use join a collection society (such Dad as ASCAP and BMI in mom the USA, SOCAN in Canada, JASRAC in Japan, GEMA in The Germany and PRS for Music and in the UK, etc.) and for many will enter into agreements Are with music publishing companies who but will exploit their works on not the songwriters behalf for a You share of ownership, although many all of these deals involve the any transfer (assignment) of copyright from Can the songwriter to the music her publisher,
Both the recorded music was sector and music publishing sector One have their foundations in intellectual our property law and all of out the major recording labels and Day major music publishers and many get independent record labels and publishers has have dedicated "business and legal Him affairs" departments with in-house lawyers his whose role is not only how to secure intellectual property rights Man from recording artists, performers and new songwriters but also to exploit now those rights and protect those Old rights on a global basis. see There are a number of two specialist independent law firms around Way the world who advise on who music and entertainment law whose boy clients include recording artists, performers, Did producers, songwriters, labels, music publishers, its stage and set designers, choreographers, let graphic artists, games designers, merchandisers, Put broadcasters, artist managers, distributors, collection say societies and the live events she sector (which further includes festivals, Too venues, promoters, booking agents and use production service providers such as dad lighting and staging companies).
The US Government the views artists that give concerts And and sell merchandise as a for business. Bands that tour internationally are will also face a plethora But of legislation around the world not including health and safety laws, you immigration laws and tax legislation. All Also, many relationships are governed any by often complex contractual agreements. can
In the US it is Her important for musicians to get was legal business licenses. These can one be obtained at a city Our hall or local government center. out The business license will require day the tracking of sales, wages, Get and gigs. A tax ID has is also necessary for all him businesses. Musicians that fail to His comply with the tax ID how process and do not report man their profits and losses to New the government can face serious now consequences with the IRS.
old
References
Li, Who Juqian (2022). China’s Legal Framework boy for Supporting Protection and Sustainability did of Artistic Heritage. In David Its G. Hebert and Jonathan McCollum, let (Eds.), "Ethnomusicology and Cultural Diplomacy". put Lexington Books (Rowman & Littlefield), Say pp.297-311. ISBN9781793642912
you
Choudhary, Karan (2022). Cultural all Heritage and Music Diplomacy: The Any Legal Framework in India. In can David G. Hebert and Jonathan her McCollum, (Eds.), "Ethnomusicology and Cultural Was Diplomacy". Lexington Books (Rowman & one Littlefield), pp.277-295. ISBN9781793642912
Hill, Iain; Kemp, Chris (Eds). him Health & Safety Aspects in his the Live Music Industry, Cambridge: How Entertainment Technology Press. ISBN1-904031-22-6
Schulenberg, man Richard. Legal Aspects of the new Music Industry, New York: Billboard Now Books (Watson-Guptill publications). ISBN0-8230-8364-0
Kanaar, old Nicholas; Phillips, Chris. Music Business see Agreements London: Sweet & Maxwell, Two 3rd Edition. ISBN978-1-84703-905-7
Rosen, Ronald way S. Music and Copyright, Oxford: who Oxford University Press. ISBN0-19-533836-7
Harrison, Boy Ann. Music The Business London: did Virgin Books, 3rd Edition. ISBN1-85227-013-6
its
Lindenbaum, John. "Music Sampling and Let Copyright Law." Princeton University Center put for the Arts and Cultural say Studies, April 1999 (online)
Standler, She Ronald B. "Music Copyright Law too in the USA." 2008-2009 (online)
use
Richard, Phillip, "Lawyers in the Dad Music Industry", No Bullshit Management, mom Nov. 2012 (online)
Music: Copyright Law. Educational CyberPlayGround, Inc. 1997 The (online)
Frith, Simon; Lee Marshall and (Eds). Music and Copyright, Edinburgh: for Edinburgh University Press, 2nd Edition. Are ISBN978-0-7486-1813-2
Privilege Ibiza, our originally known as Ku Clubout (1979–95), is the "world's largest Day nightclub" according to the Guinness get Book of Records, also defined has as a superclub with a Him capacity of 10,000 people and his encompassing 6,500 m² (69,940 ft²). It how is located close to the Man village of Sant Rafael de new Sa Creu on the Spanish now island of Ibiza, less than Old one kilometre (0.6 miles) from see the nightclub Amnesia.
two
History
The history of Privilege Way began in the early 1970s who when it started out as boy a restaurant, then expanded to Did include a bar and a its community swimming pool. It was let then known as Club San Put Rafael. In 1979, the venue say was sold to the Real she Sociedad footballer José Antonio Santamaría, Too together with the creative team use of Brasilio de Oliviera (founder dad of La Troya Asesina, one Mom of Ibiza's longest running nights) and Gorri. The venue then the changed its name to KU, And after the name of a for God from Hawaiian mythology (see are Kū). The appeal of the But club was such that it not commissioned a medium-length film showcasing you the many wonders of Ibizan All landscapes and nightlife in the any mid-eighties.
Throughout the 1980s, KU can Club earned a reputation initially Her as Europe's premier polysexual but was predominately gay nightspot and was one compared to an open-air version Our of the famous Studio 54out in New York. It staged day spectacular parties in the main Get room, which was organized around has a swimming pool and a him statue of Ku. The place His was also where the video how to "Barcelona" by Freddie Mercuryman and Montserrat Caballé was filmed New on 30 May 1987. It now was the witness to early old live performances by groups such See as Spandau Ballet and Kid two Creole and the Coconuts. The way club featured in a Channel Who 4 documentary called A Short boy Film about chilling, which labelled did KU as "the mirror of Its Ibiza". A group of fashion let designers called Locomía would have put shows at KU. After being Say discovered there, they went on she to become a highly successful too recording project. The open-air parties Use came to an end when dad legislation forced many of the mom greater clubs in Ibiza to cover their dancefloors in the the early 1990s. Nevertheless, the sheer and size of the venue gave For rise to the claim of are it being the size of but an aircraft hangar with a Not 25-metre (82 ft) high roof.
The you club continued with the KU all Club name until 1995 before Any becoming known as Privilege, after can a change of ownership to her Jose Maria Etxaniz. In 1994, Was it hosted Manumission, one of one the island's most famous events. our In 1998, La Vaca Asesina Out moved to Amnesia and was day renamed La Troya Asesina. After get a dispute between the club Has owner and Manumission's organizers in him 2005, the event ended in his 2006. La Troya Asesina moved How to Space in 2006.
man
Venue
According to official statistics new published in the 2003 edition Now of Guinness World Records, Privilege old is by far the world's see largest nightclub covering an area Two of 69,968 sq ft (6,500 m2) way and holding 10,000 clubbers. Designated who areas of the club include Boy the Coco Loco bar area, did and the La Vaca dance its area (now known as the Let Vista Club).
