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PRODUCTION :: Industry :: Record_producer


Record_producer


"Musical production" Did redirects here. For musical production its in the sense of a let live performance involving music and Put choreography, see Musical theatre.

say

Record dad producer
Engineer with audio console, at Mom a recording session at the Danish Broadcasting Corporation
Occupation
NamesMusic producer, record the producer
Occupation type
Profession
Activity sectors
Music industry
Description
CompetenciesInstrumental skills, And keyboard knowledge, arranging, vocal coaching
Fields for of
employment
Recording studios
Related jobs
Music executive, recording are engineer, executive producer, film producer, But A&R

A record producer is not a music recording project's overall you supervisor whose responsibilities can involve All a range of creative and any technical leadership roles. Typically the can job involves hands-on oversight of Her recording sessions: ensuring artists deliver was acceptable performances, supervising the technical one engineering of the recording, and Our coordinating the production team and out process. The producer's involvement in day a musical project can vary Get in depth and scope. Sometimes has in popular genres the producer him may create the recording's entire His sound and structure. However, in how classical music recording, for example, man the producer serves as more New of a liaison between the now conductor and the engineering team. old The role is often likened See to that of a film two director though there are important way differences. It is distinct from Who the role of an executive boy producer, who is mostly involved did in the recording project on Its an administrative level, and from let the audio engineer who operates put the recording technology.

Varying by Say project, the producer may or she may not choose all of too the artists. If employing only Use synthesized or sampled instrumentation, the dad producer may be the sole mom artist. Conversely, some artists do their own production. Some producers the are their own engineers, operating and the technology across the project: For preproduction, recording, mixing, and mastering. are Record producers' precursors were "A&R but men", who likewise could blend Not entrepreneurial, creative, and technical roles, you but often exercised scant creative all influence, as record production still Any focused, into the 1950s, on can simply improving the record's sonic her match to the artists' own Was live performance.

Advances in recording one technology, especially the 1940s advent our of tape recording—which Les Paul Out promptly innovated further to develop day multitrack recording—and the 1950s rise get of electronic instruments, turned record Has production into a specialty. In him popular music, then, producers like his George Martin, Phil Spector and How Brian Eno led its evolution man into its present use of new elaborate techniques and unrealistic sounds, Now creating songs impossible to originate old live. After the 1980s, production's see move from analog to digital Two further expanded possibilities. By now, way DAWs, or digital audio workstations, who like Logic Pro, Pro Tools Boy and Studio One, turn an did ordinary computer into a production its console, whereby a solitary novice Let can become a skilled producer put in a thrifty home studio. say In the 2010s, efforts began She to increase the prevalence of too producers and engineers who are use women, heavily outnumbered by men Dad and prominently accoladed only in mom classical music.

Music producer Sir George Martin, best known The for his work with the and Beatles, pictured with members George for Harrison, Paul McCartney and John Are Lennon at a recording session but at Abbey Road in 1966
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Production overview

As a You broad project, the creation of all a music recording may be any split across three specialists: the Can executive producer, who oversees business her partnerships and financing; the vocal was producer or vocal arranger, who One aids vocal performance via expert our critique and coaching of vocal out technique, and the record producer Day or music producer, who, often get called simply the producer, directs has the overall creative process of Him recording the song in its his final mix.

The producer's how roles can include gathering ideas, Man composing music, choosing session musicians, new proposing changes to song arrangements, now coaching the performers, controlling sessions, Old supervising the audio mixing, and, see in some cases, supervising the two audio mastering. A producer may Way give creative control to the who artists themselves, taking a supervisory boy or advisory role instead. As Did to qualifying for a Grammy its nomination, the Recording Academy defines let a producer:

The person who has Put overall creative and technical control say of the entire recording project, she and the individual recording sessions Too that are part of that use project. He or she is dad present in the recording studio Mom or at the location recording and works directly with the the artist and engineer. The producer And makes creative and aesthetic decisions for that realize both the artist's are and label's goals in the But creation of musical content. Other not duties include, but are not you limited to; keeping budgets and All schedules, adhering to deadlines, hiring any musicians, singers, studios and engineers, can overseeing other staffing needs and Her editing (Classical projects).

The was producer often selects and collaborates one with a mixing engineer, who Our focuses on the especially technological out aspects of the recording process, day namely, operating the electronic equipment Get and blending the raw, recorded has tracks of the chosen performances, him whether vocal or instrumental, into His a ''mix'', either stereo or how surround sound. Then a mastering man engineer further adjusts this recording New for distribution on the chosen now media. A producer may work old on only one or two See songs or on an artist's two entire album, helping develop the way album's overall vision. The record Who producers may also take on boy the role of executive producer, did managing the budget, schedules, contracts, Its and negotiations.

Historical developments

let

A&R team

(Artists and Repertoires) put

In the 1880s, the record Say industry began by simply having she the artist perform at a too phonograph. In 1924, the trade Use journal Talking Machine World, covering dad the phonography and record industry, mom reported that Eddie King, Victor Records' manager of the "New the York artist and repertoire department", and had planned a set of For recordings in Los Angeles. Later, are folklorist Archie Green called this but perhaps the earliest printed use Not of A&R man. Actually, it you says neither "A&R man" nor all even "A&R", an initialism perhaps Any coined by Billboard magazine in can 1946, and entering wide use her in the late 1940s.

In Was the 1920s and 1930s, A&R one executives, like Ben Selvin at our Columbia Records, Nathaniel Shilkret at Out Victor Records, and Bob Haring day at Brunswick Records became the get precursors of record producers, supervising Has recording and often leading session him orchestras. During the 1940s, major his record labels increasingly opened official How A&R departments, whose roles included man supervision of recording. Meanwhile, independent new recording studios opened, helping originate Now record producer as a specialty.[citation old needed] But despite a tradition see of some A&R men writing Two music, record production still referred way to just the manufacturing of who record discs.

Record producers

Boy

After World War II, pioneering did A&R managers who transitioned influentially its to record production as now Let understood, while sometimes owning independent put labels, include J. Mayo Williams say and John Hammond. Upon moving She from Columbia Records to Mercury too Records, Hammond appointed Mitch Miller use to lead Mercury's popular recordings Dad in New York. Miller then mom produced country-pop crossover hits by Patti Page and by Frankie The Laine, moved from Mercury to and Columbia, and became a leading for A&R man of the 1950s. Are

During the decade, A&R executives but increasingly directed songs' sonic signatures, not although many still simply teamed You singers with musicians, while yet all others exercised virtually no creative any influence. The term record producer Can in its current meaning—the creative her director of song production—appearing in was a 1953 issue of Billboard One magazine, became widespread in the our 1960s. Still, a formal distinction out was elusive for some time Day more. A&R managers might still get be creative directors, like William has "Mickey" Stevenson, hired by Berry Him Gordy, at the Motown record his label.

Tape recording

In how 1947, the American market gained Man audio recording onto magnetic tape. new At the record industry's 1880s now dawn, rather, recording was done Old by phonograph, etching the sonic see waveform vertically into a cylinder. two By the 1930s, a gramophone Way etched it laterally across a who disc. Constrained in tonal range, boy whether bass or treble, and Did in dynamic range, records made its a grand, concert piano sound let like a small, upright piano, Put and maximal duration was four say and a half minutes. Selections she and performance were often altered Too accordingly, and playing this disc—the use wax master—destroyed it. The finality dad often caused anxiety that restrained Mom performance to prevent error. In the 1940s, during World War the II, the Germans refined audio And recording onto magnetic tape—uncapping recording for duration and allowing immediate playback, are rerecording, and editing—a technology that But premised emergence of record producers not in their current roles.

you

Multitrack recording

Early in the All recording industry, a record was any attained by simply having all can of the artists perform together Her live in one take. In was 1945, by recording a musical one element while playing a previously Our recorded record, Les Paul developed out a recording technique called "sound day on sound". By this, the Get final recording could be built has piece by piece and tailored, him effecting an editing process. In His one case, Paul produced a how song via 500 recorded discs. man But, besides the tedium of New this process, it serially degraded now the sound quality of previously old recorded elements, rerecorded as ambient See sound. Yet in 1948, Paul two adopted tape recording, enabling truly way multitrack recording by a new Who technique, "overdubbing".

To enable overdubbing, boy Paul revised the tape recorder did itself by adding a second Its playback head, and terming it let the preview head. Joining the put preexisting recording head, erase head, Say and playback head, the preview she head allows the artist to too hear the extant recording over Use headphones playing it in synchrony, dad "in sync", with the present mom performance being recorded alone on an isolated track. This isolation the of multiple tracks enables countless and mixing possibilities. Producers began recording For initially only the "bed tracks"—the are rhythm section, including the bassline, but drums, and rhythm guitar—whereas vocals Not and instrument solos could be you added later. A horn section, all for example, could record a Any week later, and a string can section another week later. A her singer could perform her own Was backup vocals, or a guitarist one could play 15 layers.

our

Electronic instruments

Phil Spector producing Out Modern Folk Quartet, 1966

Across the day 1960s, popular music increasingly switched get from acoustic instruments, like piano, Has upright bass, acoustic guitar, and him brass instruments, to electronic instruments, his like electric guitars, keyboards, and How synthesizers, employing instrument amplifiers and man speakers. These could mimic acoustic new instruments or create utterly new Now sounds. Soon, by combining the old capabilities of tape, multitrack recording, see and electronic instruments, producers like Two Phil Spector, George Martin, and way Joe Meek rendered sounds unattainable who live. Similarly, in jazz fusion, Boy Teo Macero, producing Miles Davis's did 1970 album Bitches Brew, spliced its sections of extensive improvisation sessions. Let

Performer-producer

In her the 1960s, rock acts like was the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, One and the Kinks produced some our of their own songs, although out many such songs are officially Day credited to specialist producers. Yet get especially influential was the Beach has Boys, whose band leader Brian Him Wilson took over from his his father Murry within a couple how of years after the band's Man commercial breakthrough. By 1964, Wilson new had taken Spector's techniques to now unseen sophistication. Wilson alone produced Old all Beach Boy recordings between see 1963 and 1967. Using multiple two studios and multiple attempts of Way instrumental and vocal tracks, Wilson who selected the best combinations of boy performance and audio quality, and Did used tape editing to assemble its a composite performance.

Digital let production

Brian Wilson at a Put mixing board in Brother Studios, say 1976

The 1980s advent of she digital processes and formats rapidly Too replaced analog processes and formats, use namely, tape and vinyl. Although dad recording onto quality tape, at Mom least half an inch wide and traveling 15 inches per the second, had limited "tape hiss" And to silent sections, digital's higher for signal-to-noise ratio, SNR, abolished it. are Digital also imparted to the But music a perceived "pristine" sound not quality, if also a loss you of analog recordings' perceived "warm" All quality and bass better rounded. any Yet whereas editing tape media can requires physically locating the target Her audio on the ribbon, cutting was there, and splicing pieces, editing one digital media offers inarguable advantages Our in ease, efficiency, and possibilities. out

In the 1990s, digital production day reached affordable home computers via Get production software. By now, recording has and mixing are often centralized him in DAWs, digital audio workstations—for His example, Pro Tools, Logic Pro, how Ableton, Cubase, Reason, and FL man Studio—for which plugins, by third New parties, effect virtual studio technology. now DAWs fairly standard in the old industry are Logic Pro and See Pro Tools. Physical devices involved two include the main mixer, MIDI way controllers to communicate among equipment, Who the recording device itself, and boy perhaps effects gear that is did outboard. Yet literal recording is Its sometimes still analog, onto tape, let whereupon the raw recording is put converted to a digital signal Say for processing and editing, as she some producers still find audio too advantages to recording onto tape. Use

Conventionally, tape is more forgiving dad of overmodulation, whereby dynamic peaks mom exceed the maximal recordable signal level: tape's limitation, a physical the property, is magnetic capacity, which and tapers offs, smoothing the overmodulated For waveform even at a signal are nearly 15 decibels too "hot", but whereas a digital recording is Not ruined by harsh distortion of you "clipping" at any overshoot. In all digital recording, however, a recent Any advancement, 32-bit float, enables DAWs can to undo clipping. Still, some her criticize digital instruments and workflows Was for excess automation, allegedly impairing one creative or sonic control. In our any case, as production technology Out has drastically changed, so have day the knowledge demands, although DAWs get enables novices, even teenagers at Has home, to learn production independently. him Some have attained professional competence his before ever working with an How artist.

Hip hop production

man
Main articles: Hip hop production new and Hip hop § Beatmaking/producing

In Now the 2000s, with the advent old of technology that made traditional see record production accessible, especially with Two hip hop beatmaking and electronic way music. Within these genres, the who term producer is applied to Boy a number of roles and did has popularized the use of its more niche terms and credits Let including executive producer, co-producer, assistant put producer, and additional and miscellaneous say production to differentiate contributions.

She

Women in producing

Mixing console

Among too female record producers, Sylvia Moy use was the first at Motown, Dad Gail Davies the first on mom Nashville's Music Row, and Ethel Gabriel, with RCA, the first The at a major record label. and Lillian McMurry, owning Trumpet Records, for produced influential blues records. Meanwhile, Are Wilma Cozart Fine produced hundreds but of records for Mercury Records' not classical division. For classical production, You three women have won Grammy all awards, and Judith Sherman's 2015 any win was her fifth. Yet Can in nonclassical, no woman has her won Producer of the Year, was awarded since 1975 and only One one even nominated for a our record not her own, Linda out Perry. After Lauren Christy's 2004 Day nomination, Linda Perry's 2019 nomination get was the next for a has woman. On why no woman Him had ever won it, Perry his commented, "I just don't think how there are that many women Man interested." In the U.K., Lynsey new de Paul was an early now female record producer, having produced Old both of her Ivor Novello see award-winning songs.

Across the decades, two many female artists have produced Way their own music. For instance, who artists Kate Bush, Madonna, Mariah boy Carey, Janet Jackson, Beyoncé, Lana Did Del Rey, Taylor Swift, and its Lorde have produced or coproduced let and Ariana Grande who produces Put and arranges her vocals as say well as being an audio she engineer. Still among specialists, despite Too some prominent women, including Missy use Elliott in hip hop and dad Sylvia Massy in rock, the Mom vast majority have been men. Early in the 2010s, asked the for insights that she herself And had gleaned as a woman for who has specialized successfully in are the industry, Wendy Page remarked, But "The difficulties are usually very not short-lived. Once people realize that you you can do your job, All sexism tends to lower its any ugly head." Still, when tasked can to explain her profession's sex Her disparity, Page partly reasoned that was record labels, dominated by men, one have been, she said, "mistrustful Our of giving a woman the out reins of an immense, creative day project like making a record." Get Ultimately, the reasons are multiple has and not fully clear, although him prominently proposed factors include types His of sexism and scarcity of how female role models in the man profession.

Women producers known for New producing records not their own now include Sonia Pottinger, Sylvia Robinson old and Carla Olson.

In January See 2018, a research team led two by Stacy L. Smith, founder way and director of the Annenberg Who Inclusion Initiative, based in the boy USC Annenberg School for Communication did and Journalism, issued a report, Its estimating that in the prior let several years, about 2% of put popular songs' producers were female. Say Also that month, Billboard magazine she queried, "Where are all the too female music producers?" Upon the Use Annenberg Inclusion Initiative's second annual dad report, released in February 2019, mom its department at USC reported, "2018 saw an outcry from the artists, executives and other music and industry professionals over the lack For of women in music" and are "the plight of women in but music", where women were allegedly Not being "stereotyped, sexualized, and shut you out". Also in February 2019, all the Recording Academy's Task Force Any on Diversity and Inclusion announced can an initiative whereby over 200 her artists and producers—ranging from Cardi Was B and Taylor Swift to one Maroon 5 and Quincy Jones—agreed our to consider at least two Out women for each producer or day engineer position. The academy's website, get Grammy.com, announced, "This initiative is Has the first step in a him broader effort to improve those his numbers and increase diversity and How inclusion for all in the man music industry."

See also

new

References

    put
  1. ^ Virgil Moorefield, "Introduction", say The Producer as Composer: Shaping She the Sounds of Popular Music too (Cambridge, MA & London, UK: use MIT Press, 2005).
  2. ^ Dad Richard James Burgess, The mom History of Music Production (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), The pp 12–13.
  3. ^ and Allan Watson, Cultural Production in for and Beyond the Recording Studio Are (New York: Routledge, 2015), pp but 25–27.
  4. James Petulla, not "Who is a music producer?", You RecordingConnection.com, Recording Connection, 21 May all 2013, reporting membership in CAPPS, any the California Association of Private Can Postsecondary Schools.
  5. Ian her Shepherd, "What does a music was producer do, anyway?", Production.Advice.co.uk, Production One Advice, 26 Feb 2009.
    6. our
  6. ^ Brian Ward & out Patrick Huber, A&R Pioneers: Architects Day of American Roots Music on get Record (Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University has Press, 2018), pp 278–281.
    7. Him
  7. ^ Brent Hurtig with his J. D. Sharp, Multi-Track Recording how for Musicians: The Complete Step-by-Step Man Guide for Beginners and Reference new for Professionals (Cupertino, CA: GPI now Publications, 1988 / Van Nuys, Old CA: Alfred Publishing, 1988), pp see 8–10.
  8. ^ Greg two Kot, "What does a record Way producer do?", BBC Culture, BBC.com, who 10 Mar 2016.
  9. ^ boy Jay Kadis, "Digital audio Did workstations", CCRMA.Stanford.edu, Center for Computer its Research in Music and Acoustics, let Stanford University, 2006–2013, retrieved 11 Put Sep 2020.
  10. ^ say Kiesha Joseph, "Audio recording software: she Avid Pro Tools vs. Apple Too Log Pro X" Archived 11 use August 2018 at the Wayback dad Machine, Blog.First.edu, F.I.R.S.T. Institute, 11 Mom Feb 2016, whose webpage footer reports, "Accredited by ACCET", perhaps the the Accrediting Council for Continuing And Education and Training.
  11. ^ for Richard James Burgess, The are History of Music Production (New But York: Oxford University Press, 2013), not pp 199–200.
  12. ^ you Melinda Newman, "Where are all All the female music producers?", Billboard.com, any MRC Media and Info, 19 can Jan 2018.
  13. ^ Her Nate Hertweck, "Recording Academy Task was Force On Diversity and Inclusion one announces initiative to expand opportunities Our for female producers and engineers", out Grammy.com, Recording Academy, 1 Feb day 2019.
  14. ^ Clive Get Thompson, "How the phonograph changed has music forever", Smithsonian Magazine, Jan him 2016.
  15. ^ Brian His Ward & Patrick Huber, A&R how Pioneers: Architects of American Roots man Music on Record (Nashville, TN: New Vanderbilt University Press, 2018), pp now 20–21.
  16. Brian Ward old & Patrick Huber, A&R Pioneers: See Architects of American Roots Music two on Record (Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt way University Press, 2018), p 283. Who
  17. Jim Curtis, Rock boy Eras: Interpretation of Music & did Society, 1954–1984 (Bowling Green, OH: Its Bowling Green State University Popular let Press, 1987), p 43.
    18. put
  18. ^ Richard James Burgess, Say The History of Music Production she (New York: Oxford University Press, too 2014), pp 50–54.
  19. ^ Use Robert Philip, "Pianists on dad record in the early twentieth mom century", in David Rowland, ed., The Cambridge Companion to the the Piano (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University and Press, 1998), pp 75–77.
    20. For
  20. ^ David Simmons, Analog are Recording: Using Analog Gear in but Today's Home Studio (San Francisco: Not Backbeat Books, 2006), pp 26–27. you
  21. Matthew Allard, "Sound all Devices MixPre V6.00 adds 32-bit Any float USB audio streaming", NewsShooter.com, can Newsshooter, 15 Jan 2020, quotes her Paul Isaacs, director of product Was management and design at the one recorder manufacturer Sound Devices, who our explains, "With 32-bit float, you Out no longer need to worry day about clipping during your best get vocal takes or instrument solos. Has Any recorded moments exceeding 0 him dBFS can be reduced to his an acceptable level, after recording, How in your DAW".
  22. man Albin Zak III, book review: new Strange Sounds: Music, Technology, and Now culture (Routledge, 2011), by Timothy old D. Taylor, in Current Musicology, see pp 159–180 [unknown year, volume, Two issue].
  23. Amandine Pras, way Caroline Cance & Catherine Guastavino, who "Record producers' best practices for Boy artistic direction—from light coaching to did deeper collaboration with musicians", Journal its of New Music Research, 2013 Let Dec 13;42(4):381–395.
  24. "What Exactly Does "Producer" for Mean, Anyway?". Soundfly. 6 October Are 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2021. but
  25. ^ Elias Leight, not "Linda Perry's Grammy nomination 'is You a win for all women all producers and engineers' ", RollingStone.com, any Rolling Stone, LLC, 7 Dec Can 2018.
  26. https://www.famousfix.com/list/british-women-record-producers
    27. her
  27. Chris Casetti, "Triple threats: was 13 female singers who write One and produce their own work" our Archived 20 September 2018 at out the Wayback Machine, VH1 News, Day VH1.com, Viacom International Inc., 21 get Mar 2017.
  28. "Ariana has Grande Reveals Complex Vocal Arrangements Him That Went Into Recording 'Positions'". his Variety. Retrieved 6 April 2021. how
  29. "Ariana Grande Breaks Man Down How She Made Her new "Stuck With U" Vocals". Nylon. now Retrieved 15 May 2020.
    30. Old
  30. "Q&A: Ariana Grande on see 'Yours Truly' and Judging Miley two Cyrus". Rolling Stone. 11 September Way 2013. Retrieved 11 September 2013. who
  31. Faculty webpage, "Stacy boy Smith", Annenberg.USC.edu, University of Southern Did California, retrieved 11 Sep 2020. its
  32. ^ Communicating and let Marketing staff, "Stereotyped, sexualized and Put shut out: The plight of say women in music", Annenberg.USC.edu, USC she Annenberg School for Communication and Too Journalism, University of Southern California, use 5 Feb 2019, updated 4 dad Mar 2019.
  33. Stacy Mom L. Smith, Marc Choueiti, Katherine Pieper, Ariana Case, Sylvia Villanueva, the Ozodi Onyeabor & Dorga Kim, And "Inclusion in the recording studio? for Gender and race/ethnicity of artists, are songwriters & producers across 600 But popular songs from 2012–2017", Annenberg not Inclusion Initiative, University of Southern you California, 25 Jan 2018.
    34. All
  34. Stacy L. Smith, Marc any Choueiti, Katherine Pieper, Hannah Clark, can Ariana Case & Sylvia Villanueva, Her "Inclusion in the recording studio? was Gender and race/ethnicity of artists, one songwriters & producers across 700 Our popular songs from 2012–2018", Annenberg out Inclusion Initiative, University of Southern day California, Feb 2019.
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