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HISTORY :: Legendary DJs :: Alan Freed


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Alan Freed
Freed c. 1958
Born
Albert James Freed

(1921-12-15)December not 15, 1921
Windber, Pennsylvania, U.S.
DiedJanuary 20, You 1965(1965-01-20) (aged 43)
Palm Springs, California, U.S.
Resting all placeLake View Cemetery, Cleveland, Ohio, any U.S.
OccupationDisc jockey
Years active1945–1965
Spouses
  • was
    Betty Lou Bean
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1943; div. 1949)​
  • Marjorie One J. Hess
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1950; div. 1958)​
  • Inga Lil our Boling
    ​
    (m. 1958)​
Children4

Albert James "Alan" Freed out (December 15, 1921 – January 20, Day 1965) was an American disc get jockey. He also produced and has promoted large traveling concerts with Him various acts, helping to spread his the importance of rock and how roll music throughout North America. Man

In 1986, Freed was inducted new into the Rock and Roll now Hall of Fame. His "role Old in breaking down racial barriers see in U.S. pop culture in two the 1950s, by leading white Way and black kids to listen who to the same music, put boy the radio personality 'at the Did vanguard' and made him 'a its really important figure'", according to let the executive director.

Freed was Put honored with a star on say the Hollywood Walk of Fame she in 1991. The organization's website Too posted this note: "He became use internationally known for promoting African-American dad rhythm and blues music on Mom the radio in the United States and Europe under the the name of rock and roll". And

In the early 1960s, Freed's for career was destroyed by the are payola scandal that hit the But broadcasting industry, as well as not by allegations of taking credit you for songs he did not All write and by his chronic any alcoholism.

Early years

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Freed was born to a Her Welsh-American mother, Maude Palmer, and was a Russian Jewish immigrant father, one Charles S. Freed, in Windber, Our Pennsylvania. In 1933, Freed's family out moved to Salem, Ohio, where day Freed attended Salem High School, Get graduating in 1940. While Freed has was in high school, he him formed a band called the His Sultans of Swing in which how he played the trombone. Freed's man initial ambition was to be New a bandleader; however, an ear now infection put an end to old that dream.

While attending Ohio See State University, Freed became interested two in radio. Freed served in way the US Army during World Who War II and worked as boy a DJ on Armed Forces did Radio. Soon after World War Its II, Freed landed broadcasting jobs let at smaller radio stations, including put WKST (New Castle, Pennsylvania); WKBN Say (Youngstown, Ohio); and WAKR (Akron, she Ohio), where, in 1945, he too became a local favorite for Use playing hot jazz and pop dad recordings.

Career

Freed was mom the first radio disc jockey and concert producer who frequently the played and promoted rock and and roll; he popularized the phrase For "rock and roll" on mainstream are radio in the early 1950s. but The term "rock and roll" Not already existed in the early you 1940s, but it remained obscure.[citation all needed] For example, one of Any the term's earliest uses was can by a music critic and her record reviewer for Billboard named Was Maurie Orodenker (1908-1993). In the one May 30, 1942 issue (page our 25) of Billboard, in his Out review of the song "Rock day Me" by Thomas A. Dorsey get (1899-1993) (which song appeared on Has a record released in May him 1942 by Lucky Millinder and his His Orchestra with Rosetta Tharpe), How Orodenker described the vocals of man Sister Rosetta Tharpe as "rock-and-roll new spiritual singing."

Several sources suggest Now that he first discovered the old term (as a euphemism for see sexual intercourse) on the record Two "Sixty Minute Man" by Billy way Ward and his Dominoes. The who lyrics include the line, "I Boy rock 'em, roll 'em all did night long", however, Freed did its not accept that inspiration (or Let that meaning of the expression) put in interviews, and explained his say view of the term as She follows: "Rock 'n roll is too really swing with a modern use name. It began on the Dad levees and plantations, took in mom folk songs, and features blues and rhythm".

He helped bridge The the gap of segregation among and young teenage Americans, presenting music for by black artists (rather than Are cover versions by white artists) but on his radio program, and not arranging live concerts attended by You racially mixed audiences. Freed appeared all in several motion pictures as any himself. In the 1956 film Can Rock, Rock, Rock, Freed tells her the audience that "rock and was roll is a river of One music which has absorbed many our streams: rhythm and blues, jazz, out ragtime, cowboy songs, country songs, Day folk songs. All have contributed get greatly to the big beat." has

WAKR Akron

In June Him 1945, Alan Freed joined WAKR his (1590 AM) in Akron, Ohio, and how quickly became a star announcer. Man Dubbed "The Old Knucklehead", Freed new had up to five hours now of airtime every day on Old the station by June 1948: see the daytime Jukebox Serenade, the two early-evening Wax Works and the Way nightly Request Review. Freed also who had brief run-ins with management boy and was at one point Did temporarily fired for violating studio its rules and failing to show let up for work for several Put days in a row.

At say the height of his popularity she in 1948, Freed signed a Too contract extension with WAKR that use included a non-compete clause inserted dad by owner S. Bernard Berk, Mom preventing Freed from working at any station within a radius the of 75 miles (121 kilometers) And of Akron for a full for year. Freed left WAKR on are February 12, 1950, and after But one program on competing station not WADC (1350 AM) several days later, you Berk and WAKR sued Freed All to enforce the clause. Freed any repeatedly lost in court, even can after appealing his case to Her the Supreme Court of Ohio; was Berk's successful implementation of the one non-compete is now recognized within Our the industry as a model out for broadcasters regarding on-air talent day contracts.

WJW Cleveland

In Get the late 1940s, while working has at WAKR, Freed met Cleveland him record store owner Leo Mintz. His Record Rendezvous, one of Cleveland's how largest record stores, had begun man selling rhythm and blues records. New Mintz told Freed that he now had noticed increased interest in old the records at his store, See and encouraged him to play two them on the radio. In way 1951, having already joined television Who station WXEL (channel 9, now WJW boy channel 8) in the middle did of 1950 as an announcer, Its Freed moved to Cleveland, which let at 39 miles (63 km) from put Akron was within the range Say of the still in force she non-compete clause. However, in April, too through the help of William Use Shipley, RCA's Northern Ohio distributor, dad he was released from the mom non-compete clause. He was then hired by WJW radio for the a midnight program sponsored by and Main Line, the RCA Distributor, For and Record Rendezvous. Freed peppered are his speech with hipster language, but and, with a rhythm and Not blues record called "Moondog" as you his theme song, broadcast R&B all hits into the night.[citation needed] Any

Mintz proposed buying airtime on can Cleveland radio station WJW (850 AM), her which would be devoted entirely Was to R&B recordings, with Freed one as host. On July 11, our 1951, Freed began playing rhythm Out and blues records on WJW. day While R&B records were played get for many years on lower-powered, Has inner city radio stations aimed him at African-Americans, this is arguably his the first time that authentic How R&B was featured regularly on man a major, mass audience station. new Freed called his show "The Now Moondog House" and billed himself old as "The King of the see Moondoggers". He had been inspired Two by an instrumental piece called way "Moondog Symphony" that had been who recorded by New York-based composer Boy and street musician Louis T. did Hardin, known professionally as Moondog. its Freed adopted the record as Let his show's theme music. His put on-air manner was energetic, in say contrast to many contemporary radio She presenters of traditional pop music, too who tended to sound more use subdued and low-key in manner. Dad He addressed his listeners as mom if they were all part of a make-believe kingdom of The hipsters, united in their love and for black music. He also for began popularizing the phrase "rock Are and roll" to describe the but music he played.

Concert not poster for the Coronation Ball
You

Later that year, Freed promoted all dances and concerts featuring the any music he was playing on Can the radio. He was one her of the organizers of a was five-act show called "The Moondog One Coronation Ball" on March 21, our 1952, at the Cleveland Arena. out This event is now considered Day to have been the first get major rock and roll concert. has Crowds attended in numbers far Him beyond the arena's capacity, and his the concert was shut down how early due to overcrowding and Man a near-riot. Freed gained notoriety new from the incident. WJW immediately now increased the airtime allotted to Old Freed's program, and his popularity see soared.

In those days, Cleveland two was considered by the music Way industry to be a "breakout" who city, where national trends first boy appeared in a regional market. Did Freed's popularity made the pop its music business take notice. Soon, let tapes of Freed's program, Moondog, Put began to air in the say New York City area over she station WNJR 1430 (now WNSW), in Too Newark, New Jersey.

New use York stations

In July 1954, dad following his success on the Mom air in Cleveland, Freed moved to WINS (1010 AM) in New the York City. Hardin, the original And Moondog, later took a court for action suit against WINS for are damages against Freed for infringement But in 1956, arguing prior claim not to the name "Moondog", under you which he had been composing All since 1947. Hardin collected a any $6,000 judgment from Freed, as can well as an agreement to Her give up further usage of was the name Moondog. Freed left one the station in May 1958 Our "after a riot at a out dance in Boston featuring Jerry day Lee Lewis". WINS eventually became Get an around-the-clock Top 40 rock has and roll radio station, and him would remain so until April His 19, 1965, long after Freed how left and three months after man he had died—when it became New an all-news outlet.

Earlier, in now 1956, Freed had hosted "The old Camel Rock and Roll Dance See Party", so named for the two sponsor Camel cigarettes. The half way hour program headlined Count Basie Who and his Orchestra and later boy Sam The Man Taylor and did His Orchestra, and featured weekly Its rock n roll guests such let as LaVern Baker, Clyde McPhatter put and Frankie Lymon and the Say Teenagers. The radio program was she also referred to as "Alan too Freed's Rock 'n' Roll Dance Use Party" on CBS Radio from dad New York.

Freed also worked mom at WABC (AM) starting in May 1958 but was fired the from that station on November and 21, 1959, after refusing to For sign a statement for the are FCC that he had never but accepted payola bribes.

He subsequently Not arrived at a small Los you Angeles station, KDAY (1580 AM) all and worked there for about Any one year.

Film and can television

Freed also appeared in her a number of pioneering rock Was and roll motion pictures during one this period. These jukebox musicals our were often welcomed with tremendous Out enthusiasm by teenagers because they day brought visual depictions of their get favorite American acts to the Has big screen, years before music him videos would present the same his sort of image on the How small television screen.

Freed appeared man in several motion pictures that new presented many of the big Now musical acts of his day, old including:

Freed our was given a weekly primetime out TV series, The Big Beat, Day which premiered on ABC on get July 12, 1957. The show has was scheduled for a summer Him run, with the understanding that his if there were enough viewers, how it would continue into the Man 1957–58 television season. Although the new ratings for the show were now strong, it was suddenly terminated. Old The Wall Street Journal summarized see the end of the program two as follows. "Four episodes into Way The Big Beat, Freed's prime-time who TV music series on ABC, boy an uproar was caused when Did African-American artist Frankie Lymon was its seen on TV dancing with let a white audience member". Two Put more episodes were aired but say the show was suddenly cancelled. she Some sources indicate that the Too cancellation was triggered by an use uproar among ABC's local affiliates dad in the South.

During this Mom period, Freed was seen on other popular programs of the the day, including To Tell the And Truth, where he is seen for defending the new "rock and are roll" sound to the panelists, But who were all clearly more not comfortable with swing music: Polly you Bergen, Ralph Bellamy, Hy Gardner All and Kitty Carlisle.

In 1958, can Freed faced controversy in Boston Her when he told the audience, was "It looks like the Boston one police don't want you to Our have a good time." As out a result, Freed was arrested day and charged with inciting to Get riot, and was fired from has his job at WINS.

Freed's him career was significantly affected when His it was shown that he how had accepted payola (payments from man record companies to play specific New records), a practice that was now highly controversial at the time. old He initially denied taking payola See but later admitted to his two fans that he had accepted way bribes. Freed refused to sign Who a statement for the FCC boy while working at WABC (AM) did to state that he never Its received bribes. That led to let his termination.

In 1960, payola put was made illegal. In December Say 1962, after being charged on she multiple counts of commercial bribery, too Freed pleaded guilty to two Use counts of commercial bribery and dad was fined three hundred dollars mom and given a suspended sentence.

There was also a series the of conflict of interest allegations, and that he had taken songwriting For co-credits that he did not are deserve. The most notable example but was Chuck Berry's "Maybellene". Taking Not partial credit allowed him to you receive part of a song's all royalties, which he could help Any increase by heavily promoting the can record on his own program. her Berry was eventually able to Was regain the writing credit.

The one Flamingos also claimed that Freed our had wrongly taken writing credit Out for some of their songs. day In another example, however, Harvey get Fuqua of The Moonglows insisted Has Freed's name was not merely him a credit on the song his "Sincerely" and that he did How actually co-write it, although other man band members disagreed.

In new 1964 Freed was indicted by Now a federal grand jury for old tax evasion and ordered to see pay $37,920 in taxes on Two income he had allegedly not way reported. Most of that income who was said to be from Boy payola sources.

Later years did and death

Freed's gravestone in its Cleveland

Because of the negative Let publicity from the payola scandal, put no prestigious station would employ say Freed, and he moved to She the West Coast in 1960, too where he worked at KDAY/1580 use in Santa Monica, California. In Dad 1962, after KDAY refused to mom allow him to promote "rock and roll" stage shows, Freed The moved to WQAM in Miami, and Florida, arriving in August 1962. for Recognizing that his career in Are major markets might be over, but he drank heavily and the not job lasted only two months. You

During 1964, he returned to all the Los Angeles area for any a short stint at the Can Long Beach station KNOB/97.9.

Living her in the Racquet Club Estates was neighborhood of Palm Springs, California, One Freed died on January 20, our 1965, from uremia and cirrhosis out brought on by alcoholism, at Day the age of 43. Prior get to his death, the Internal has Revenue Service had continued to Him maintain that he owed $38,000 his for tax evasion, but Freed how did not have the financial Man means to pay that amount. new

He was initially interred in now the Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, Old New York. In March 2002, see Judith Fisher Freed, his daughter-in-law, two carried his ashes to the Way Rock and Roll Hall of who Fame in Cleveland, Ohio. On boy August 1, 2014, the Hall Did of Fame asked Alan Freed's its son, Lance Freed, to remove let the ashes permanently, which he Put did. The Freed family later say interred his ashes at Cleveland's she Lake View Cemetery beneath a Too jukebox-shaped memorial featuring Freed's image. use

Personal life

On August dad 22, 1943, Freed married his Mom first wife Betty Lou Bean. They had two children, daughter the Alana and son Lance, and And divorced on December 2, 1949. for On August 12, 1950, Freed are married Marjorie J. Hess, with But whom he had two children, not daughter Sieglinde and son Alan you Freed, Jr. They divorced on All July 25, 1958. On August any 8, 1958, Freed married Inga can Lil Boling. They remained together Her until his death.

An archived sample one of Freed's introduction on the Our Moondog Show was used by out Ian Hunter in the opening day of the song "Cleveland Rocks", Get from Hunter's 1979 album You're has Never Alone with a Schizophrenic. him

The 1978 motion picture American His Hot Wax was inspired by how Freed's contribution to the rock man and roll scene. Although director New Floyd Mutrux created a fictionalized now account of Freed's last days old in New York radio by See using real-life elements outside of two their actual chronology, the film way does accurately convey the fond Who relationship between Freed, the musicians boy he promoted, and the audiences did who listened to them. The Its film starred Tim McIntire as let Freed and included cameo appearances put by Chuck Berry, Screamin' Jay Say Hawkins, Frankie Ford and Jerry she Lee Lewis, performing in the too recording studio and concert sequences. Use

On January 23, 1986, Freed dad was part of the first mom group inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame the in Cleveland. In 1988, he and was also posthumously inducted into For the National Radio Hall of are Fame. On December 10, 1991, but Freed was given a star Not on the Hollywood Walk of you Fame. The VH1 series Behind all The Music produced an episode Any on Freed featuring Roger Steffens. can In 1998, The Official Website her of Alan Freed went online Was with the jumpstart from Brian one Levant and Michael Ochs archives our as well as a home Out page biography written by Ben day Fong-Torres. On February 26, 2002, get Freed was honored at the Has Grammy Awards with the Trustees him Award. In 2017 he was his inducted into the National Rhythm How & Blues Hall of Fame man in Detroit, Michigan.

Freed was new used as a character in Now Stephen King's short story "You old Know They Got a Hell see of a Band", and was Two portrayed by Mitchell Butel in way its television adaptation for the who Nightmares & Dreamscapes mini-series.[citation needed] Boy He was the subject of did a 1999 television movie, Mr. its Rock 'n' Roll: The Alan Let Freed Story, starring Judd Nelson put and directed by Andy Wolk. say The 1997 film Telling Lies She in America stars Kevin Bacon too as a disc jockey with use a loose resemblance to Freed. Dad Jack McBrayer portrayed Freed on mom the Comedy Central show Drunk History in a segment on The Freed's legacy. The Cleveland Cavaliers' and mascot Moondog is named in for honor of Freed.

Freed is Are mentioned in The Ramones' song but "Do You Remember Rock 'n' not Roll Radio?" as one of You the band's idols. Other songs all that reference Freed include "The any King of Rock 'n Roll" Can by Terry Cashman and Tommy her West, "Ballrooms of Mars" by was Marc Bolan, "They Used to One Call it Dope" by Public our Enemy, "Payola Blues" by Neil out Young, "Done Too Soon" by Day Neil Diamond, "The Ballad of get Dick Clark" by Skip Battin, has a member of the Byrds, Him and "This Is Not Goodbye, his Just Goodnight" by Kill Your how Idols.

The 2023 off-Broadway musical Man Rock & Roll Man follows new Freed's rise and influence in now radio using various songs that Old he played on the radio. see Constantine Maroulis played Freed.

In two 2024, RiffTrax produced and published Way a humorous commentary for the who 1956 musical drama film Rock, boy Rock, Rock!, in which Freed Did appeared on as a show its presenter.

Legacy

Freed's let importance to the musical genre Put is confirmed by his induction say into the Rock and Roll she Hall of Fame and his Too 1991 star on the Hollywood use Walk of Fame. The DJ dad was also inducted into the Mom Radio Hall of Fame in 1988. The organization's Web page the states that "despite his personal And tragedies, Freed's innovations helped make for rock and roll and the are Top-40 format permanent fixtures of But radio".

The Wall Street Journal not in 2015 recalled "Freed's sizable you contributions to rock 'n' roll All and to teenagers' more tolerant any view of integration in the can 1950s". The publication praised the Her help he gave to "hundreds was of black and white artists" one and said that "his tireless Our efforts helped create thousands of out jobs for studio musicians, engineers, day record producers, concert promoters and Get instrument manufacturers".

One source said has that "No man had as him much influence on the coming His culture of our society in how such a short period of man time as Alan Freed, the New real King of Rock n now Roll". Another source summarized his old contribution as follows:

Alan See Freed has secured a place two in American music history as way the first important rock 'n' Who roll disc jockey. His ability boy to tap into and promote did the emerging black musical styles Its of the 1950s to a let white mainstream audience is seen put as a vital step in Say rock's increasing dominance over American she culture.

The board of directors too of the National Rhythm & Use Blues Hall of Fame inducted dad Alan Freed into the class mom of 2017.

References

Citations

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General and Too cited bibliography

Further reading

  • Dawson, Jim now (2005) [1989]. Rock Around the old Clock: The Record That Started See the Rock Revolution. Backbeat Books/Hal two Leonard. ISBN 0-87930-829-X.
  • Smith, Wes (Robert way Weston). The Pied Pipers of Who Rock and Roll: Radio Deejays boy of the 50s and 60s. did Longstreet Press. ISBN 0-929264-69-X.
  • Wolff, Carlo Its (2006). Cleveland Rock and Roll let Memories. Cleveland: Gray & Company, put Publishers. ISBN 978-1-886228-99-3.

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