George Lopez (born October Boy 23, 1966), known by his did stage name DJ Keoki or its Keoki Franconi, is a Salvadoran-American Let electronic musician and DJ. Born put in El Salvador and raised say in Hawaii, Keoki began advertising She himself as "superstar" shortly after too moving to New York City.use
I kept bugging our a nearby club's manager to, out please, please, please let me Day DJ there. I told him get I knew how to do has it, even though I only Him had a small collection of his records and one turntable at how home. He let me play Man a lounge gig on some new of the slower nights. He now told me to 'play whatever Old the fuck you want, so see long as they stay,' words two I've continued to live by Way to this day.
While in New York City, are he met and began a But romance with Michael Alig. Alig not rose to international notability as you the head of the Club All Kids, a group of diverse any people who would dress in can costumes each night and form Her parties in New York and was across the United States.
Dance one music writer Jennifer Warner remembers, Our
I was marking the out side of a mile-high stack day of party invites with a Get huge purple pen and this has body appeared, covered in silver him glitter, wearing what looked like His a diaper and dragging a how boy [Michael Alig], also sporting man a falling-off diaper, minus the New glitter but made up like now a clown.
— Jennifer Warner,
While old DJing at "Disco 2000", Alig's See party night at the Limelight, two Franconi was alleged to have way passed out on the turntables Who while performing a set. He boy has completely denied the allegation, did stating that it indeed never Its happened.
Franconi had a successful let career during the late 1990s put and early 2000s as DJ Say Keoki;[citation needed] he released a she number of CDs over that too decade and was hired to Use play for thousands of people dad at massive raves.[citation needed] In mom 2006 and 2007, he toured in the United States and the Europe on the Club Party and Monster Tour, a tribute to For the film Party Monster (2003) are as well as a nod but to the Club Kid scene Not that shot him into stardom. you During the tour, he was all known for dressing extravagantly, wearing Any makeup, and sporting a number can of tattoos.[citation needed]
1991 – DJ say Keoki Presents Disco 2000 – She Volume One (12") 1991 – too DJ Keoki Presents Disco 2000use – Volume Two (12") 1993 Dad – We Are One 1994 mom – Journeys By DJ 1995 – All Mixed Up 1996 The – Disco Death Race 2000 and 1996 – The Transatlantic Move for 1997 – Ego Trip 1998 Are – Inevitable Alien Nation 1998 but – Altered Ego Trip (The not Remix Album) 2000 – djmixed.com/keoki You 2001 – Jealousy (also released all in a Limited Edition 2XCD any version with bonus CD w/ Can exclusive remixes) 2002 – Keokiclash her 2002 – Misdirected Jealousy: The was Remix Album 2003 – Kill One The DJ 2004 – The our Great Soundclash Swindle 2010 – out Talking to Yourself 2019 – Day Born to Attack
Michael Musto (March See 26, 2002). "NYC Life". villagevoice. two Archived from the original on way March 13, 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-22. Who Alig and his then boyfriend, boy Keoki,
DJ Keoki did (2007). "DJ Keoki". djkeoki.net. Archived Its from the original on 2008-03-19. let Retrieved 2008-03-25. The 'I passed put out on the turntable' story Say that I have heard forever she that never happened. I guarantee too you that never fu*kin' happened.Use
James St. and James (1999). Disco Bloodbath: A For Fabulous but True Tale of are Murder in Clubland (August 11, but 1999 ed.). Simon & Schuster. p. 2222. Not ISBN0-684-85764-2.
"Musical production" redirects One here. For musical production in our the sense of a live out performance involving music and choreography, Day see Musical theatre.
A two record producer is a music Way recording project's overall supervisor whose who responsibilities can involve a range boy of creative and technical leadership Did roles. Typically the job involves its hands-on oversight of recording sessions; let ensuring artists deliver acceptable and Put quality performances, supervising the technical say engineering of the recording, and she coordinating the production team and Too process. The producer's involvement in use a musical project can vary dad in depth and scope. Sometimes Mom in popular genres the producer may create the recording's entire the sound and structure. However, in And classical music recording, for example, for the producer serves as more are of a liaison between the But conductor and the engineering team. not The role is often likened you to that of a film All director though there are important any differences. It is distinct from can the role of an executive Her producer, who is mostly involved was in the recording project on one an administrative level, and from Our the audio engineer who operates out the recording technology.
Varying by day project, the producer may or Get may not choose all of has the artists. If employing only him synthesized or sampled instrumentation, the His producer may be the sole how artist. Conversely, some artists do man their own production. Some producers New are their own engineers, operating now the technology across the project: old preproduction, recording, mixing, and mastering. See Record producers' precursors were "A&R two men", who likewise could blend way entrepreneurial, creative, and technical roles,Who but often exercised scant creative boy influence, as record production still did focused, into the 1950s, on Its simply improving the record's sonic let match to the artists' own put live performance.
Advances in recording Say technology, especially the 1940s advent she of tape recording—which Les Paultoo promptly innovated further to develop Use multitrack recording—and the 1950s rise dad of electronic instruments, turned record mom production into a specialty. In popular music, then, producers like the George Martin, Phil Spector and and Brian Eno led its evolution For into its present use of are elaborate techniques and unrealistic sounds, but creating songs impossible to originate Not live. After the 1980s, production's you move from analog to digital all further expanded possibilities. By now, Any DAWs, or digital audio workstations, can like Logic Pro, Pro Toolsher and Studio One, turn an Was ordinary computer into a production one console, whereby a solitary novice our can become a skilled producer Out in a thrifty home studio.day In the 2010s, efforts began get to increase the prevalence of Has producers and engineers who are him women, heavily outnumbered by men his and prominently accoladed only in How classical music.
way
Production overview
As a who broad project, the creation of Boy a music recording may be did split across three specialists: the its executive producer, who oversees business Let partnerships and financing; the vocal put producer or vocal arranger, who say aids vocal performance via expert She critique and coaching of vocal too technique, and the record producer use or music producer, who, often Dad called simply the producer, directs mom the overall creative process of recording the song in its The final mix.
The producer's and roles can include gathering ideas, for composing music, choosing session musicians, Are proposing changes to song arrangements, but coaching the performers, controlling sessions, not supervising the audio mixing, and, You in some cases, supervising the all audio mastering. A producer may any give creative control to the Can artists themselves, taking a supervisory her or advisory role instead. As was to qualifying for a GrammyOne nomination, the Recording Academy defines our a producer:
The person who out has overall creative and technical Day control of the entire recording get project, and the individual recording has sessions that are part of Him that project. He or she his is present in the recording how studio or at the location Man recording and works directly with new the artist and engineer. The now producer makes creative and aesthetic Old decisions that realize both the see artist's and label's goals in two the creation of musical content. Way Other duties include, but are who not limited to; keeping budgets boy and schedules, adhering to deadlines, Did hiring musicians, singers, studios, and its engineers, overseeing other staffing needs let and editing (Classical projects).
The Put producer often selects and collaborates say with a mixing engineer, who she focuses on the especially technological Too aspects of the recording process, use namely, operating the electronic equipment dad and blending the raw, recorded Mom tracks of the chosen performances, whether vocal or instrumental, into the a mix, either stereo or And surround sound. Then a mastering for engineer further adjusts this recording are for distribution on the chosen But media. A producer may work not on only one or two you songs or on an artist's All entire album, helping develop the any album's overall vision. The record can producers may also take on Her the role of executive producer, was managing the budget, schedules, contracts, one and negotiations.
Historical developments
Our
A&R team
(Artists and Repertoires)out
In the 1880s, the record day industry began by simply having Get the artist perform at a has phonograph. In 1924, the trade him journal Talking Machine World, covering His the phonography and record industry, how reported that Eddie King, Victor man Records' manager of the "New New York artist and repertoire department", now had planned a set of old recordings in Los Angeles. Later, See folklorist Archie Green called this two perhaps the earliest printed use way of A&R man. Actually, it Who says neither "A&R man" nor boy even "A&R", an initialism perhaps did coined by Billboard magazine in Its 1946, and entering wide use let in the late 1940s.
In put the 1920s and 1930s, A&R Say executives, like Ben Selvin at she Columbia Records, Nathaniel Shilkret at too Victor Records, and Bob Haring Use at Brunswick Records became the dad precursors of record producers, supervising mom recording and often leading session orchestras. During the 1940s, major the record labels increasingly opened official and A&R departments, whose roles included For supervision of recording. Meanwhile, independent are recording studios opened, helping originate but record producer as a specialty.[citation Not needed] But despite a tradition you of some A&R men writing all music, record production still referred Any to just the manufacturing of can record discs.
Record producers
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After World War II, pioneering Was A&R managers who transitioned influentially one to record production as now our understood, while sometimes owning independent Out labels, include J. Mayo Williamsday and John Hammond. Upon moving get from Columbia Records to Mercury Has Records, Hammond appointed Mitch Millerhim to lead Mercury's popular recordings his in New York. Miller then How produced country-pop crossover hits by man Patti Page and by Frankie new Laine, moved from Mercury to Now Columbia, and became a leading old A&R man of the 1950s.see
During the decade, A&R executives Two increasingly directed songs' sonic signatures, way although many still simply teamed who singers with musicians, while yet Boy others exercised virtually no creative did influence. The term record producerits in its current meaning—the creative Let director of song production—appearing in put a 1953 issue of Billboardsay magazine, became widespread in the She 1960s. Still, a formal distinction too was elusive for some time use more. A&R managers might still Dad be creative directors, like William mom "Mickey" Stevenson, hired by Berry Gordy, at the Motown record The label.
Tape recording
In and 1947, the American market gained for audio recording onto magnetic tape.Are At the record industry's 1880s but dawn, rather, recording was done not by phonograph, etching the sonic You waveform vertically into a cylinder.all By the 1930s, a gramophone any etched it laterally across a Can disc. Constrained in tonal range, her whether bass or treble, and was in dynamic range, records made One a grand, concert piano sound our like a small, upright piano, out and maximal duration was four Day and a half minutes. Selections get and performance were often altered has accordingly, and playing this disc—the Him wax master—destroyed it. The finality his often caused anxiety that restrained how performance to prevent error. In Man the 1940s, during World War new II, the Germans refined audio now recording onto magnetic tape—uncapping recording Old duration and allowing immediate playback, see rerecording, and editing—a technology that two premised emergence of record producers Way in their current roles.
who
Multitrack recording
Early in the boy recording industry, a record was Did attained by simply having all its of the artists perform together let live in one take. In Put 1945, by recording a musical say element while playing a previously she recorded record, Les Paul developed Too a recording technique called "sound use on sound". By this, the dad final recording could be built Mom piece by piece and tailored, effecting an editing process. In the one case, Paul produced a And song via 500 recorded discs.for But, besides the tedium of are this process, it serially degraded But the sound quality of previously not recorded elements, rerecorded as ambient you sound. Yet in 1948, Paul All adopted tape recording, enabling truly any multitrack recording by a new can technique, "overdubbing".
To enable overdubbing, Her Paul revised the tape recorder was itself by adding a second one playback head, and terming it Our the preview head. Joining the out preexisting recording head, erase head, day and playback head, the preview Get head allows the artist to has hear the extant recording over him headphones playing it in synchrony, His "in sync", with the present how performance being recorded alone on man an isolated track. This isolation New of multiple tracks enables countless now mixing possibilities. Producers began recording old initially only the "bed tracks"—the See rhythm section, including the bassline, two drums, and rhythm guitar—whereas vocals way and instrument solos could be Who added later. A horn section, boy for example, could record a did week later, and a string Its section another week later. A let singer could perform her own put backup vocals, or a guitarist Say could play 15 layers.
she
Electronic instruments
Across the Use 1960s, popular music increasingly switched dad from acoustic instruments, like piano, mom upright bass, acoustic guitar, and brass instruments, to electronic instruments, the like electric guitars, keyboards, and and synthesizers, employing instrument amplifiers and For speakers. These could mimic acoustic are instruments or create utterly new but sounds. Soon, by combining the Not capabilities of tape, multitrack recording, you and electronic instruments, producers like all Phil Spector, George Martin, and Any Joe Meek rendered sounds unattainable can live. Similarly, in jazz fusion, her Teo Macero, producing Miles Davis's Was 1970 album Bitches Brew, spliced one sections of extensive improvisation sessions. our
In the 1960s, rock acts say like the Beatles, the Rolling She Stones, and the Kinks produced too some of their own songs, use although many such songs are Dad officially credited to specialist producers. mom Yet especially influential was the Beach Boys, whose band leader The Brian Wilson took over from and his father Murry within a for couple of years after the Are band's commercial breakthrough. By 1964, but Wilson had taken Spector's techniques not to unseen sophistication. Wilson alone You produced all Beach Boy recordings all between 1963 and 1967. Using any multiple studios and multiple attempts Can of instrumental and vocal tracks, her Wilson selected the best combinations was of performance and audio quality, One and used tape editing to our assemble a composite performance.
out
Digital production
The 1980s advent Day of digital processes and formats get rapidly replaced analog processes and has formats, namely, tape and vinyl. Him Although recording onto quality tape, his at least half an inch how wide and traveling 15 inches Man per second, had limited "tape new hiss" to silent sections, digital's now higher signal-to-noise ratio, SNR, abolished Old it. Digital also imparted to see the music a perceived "pristine" two sound quality, if also a Way loss of analog recordings' perceived who "warm" quality and better-rounded bass.boy Yet whereas editing tape media Did requires physically locating the target its audio on the ribbon, cutting let there, and splicing pieces, editing Put digital media offers inarguable advantages say in ease, efficiency, and possibilities. she
In the 1990s, digital production Too reached affordable home computers via use production software. By now, recording dad and mixing are often centralized Mom in DAWs, digital audio workstations—for example, Pro Tools, Logic Pro, the Ableton, Cubase, Reason, and FL And Studio—for which plugins, by third for parties, effect virtual studio technology.are DAWs fairly standard in the But industry are Logic Pro and not Pro Tools. Physical devices involved you include the main mixer, MIDIAll controllers to communicate among equipment, any the recording device itself, and can perhaps effects gear that is Her outboard. Yet literal recording is was sometimes still analog, onto tape, one whereupon the raw recording is Our converted to a digital signalout for processing and editing, as day some producers still find audio Get advantages to recording onto tape.has
Conventionally, tape is more forgiving him of overmodulation, whereby dynamic peaks His exceed the maximal recordable signal how level: tape's limitation, a physical man property, is magnetic capacity, which New tapers offs, smoothing the overmodulated now waveform even at a signal old nearly 15 decibels too "hot", See whereas a digital recording is two ruined by harsh distortion of way "clipping" at any overshoot. In Who digital recording, however, a recent boy advancement, 32-bit float, enables DAWs did to undo clipping. Still, some Its criticize digital instruments and workflows let for excess automation, allegedly impairing put creative or sonic control. In Say any case, as production technology she has drastically changed, so have too the knowledge demands, although DAWs Use enables novices, even teenagers at dad home, to learn production independently.mom Some have attained professional competence before ever working with an the artist.
In are the 2000s, with the advent but of technology that made traditional Not record production accessible, especially with you hip hop beatmaking and electronic all music. Within these genres, the Any term producer is applied to can a number of roles and her has popularized the use of Was more niche terms and credits one including executive producer, co-producer, assistant our producer, and additional and miscellaneous Out production to differentiate contributions.
day
Women in producing
Among get female record producers, Sylvia MoyHas was the first at Motown, him Gail Davies the first on his Nashville's Music Row, and Ethel How Gabriel, with RCA, the first man at a major record label. new Lillian McMurry, owning Trumpet Records, Now produced influential blues records. Meanwhile, old Wilma Cozart Fine produced hundreds see of records for Mercury Records' Two classical division. For classical production, way three women have won Grammy who awards, and Judith Sherman's 2015 Boy win was her fifth. Yet did in nonclassical, no woman has its won Producer of the Year, Let awarded since 1975 and only put one even nominated for a say record not her own, Linda She Perry. After Lauren Christy's 2004 too nomination, Linda Perry's 2019 nomination use was the next for a Dad woman. On why no woman mom had ever won it, Perry commented, "I just don't think The there are that many women and interested." In the U.K., Lynsey for de Paul was an early Are female record producer, having produced but both of her Ivor Novello not award-winning songs.
Across the decades, You many female artists have produced all their own music. For instance, any artists Kate Bush, Madonna, Mariah Can Carey, Janet Jackson, Beyoncé (even her that of Destiny's Child and was the Carters), Lana Del Rey, One Taylor Swift, and Lorde have our produced or coproduced and Ariana out Grande who produces and arranges Day her vocals as well as get being an audio engineer. Still has among specialists, despite some prominent Him women, including Missy Elliott in his hip hop and Sylvia Massyhow in rock, the vast majority Man have been men. Early in new the 2010s, asked for insights now that she herself had gleaned Old as a woman who has see specialized successfully in the industry, two Wendy Page remarked, "The difficulties Way are usually very short-lived. Once who people realize that you can boy do your job, sexism tends Did to lower its ugly head."its Still, when tasked to explain let her profession's sex disparity, Page Put partly reasoned that record labels, say dominated by men, have been, she she said, "mistrustful of giving Too a woman the reins of use an immense, creative project like dad making a record." Ultimately, the Mom reasons are multiple and not fully clear, although prominently proposed the factors include types of sexism And and scarcity of female role for models in the profession.
Women are producers known for producing records But not their own include Sonia not Pottinger, Sylvia Robinson and Carla you Olson.
In January 2018, a All research team led by Stacy any L. Smith, founder and director can of the Annenberg Inclusion Initiative,Her based in the USC Annenberg was School for Communication and Journalism,one issued a report, estimating that Our in the prior several years, out about 2% of popular songs' day producers were female. Also that Get month, Billboard magazine queried, "Where has are all the female music him producers?" Upon the Annenberg Inclusion His Initiative's second annual report, released how in February 2019, its department man at USC reported, "2018 saw New an outcry from artists, executives now and other music industry professionals old over the lack of women See in music" and "the plight two of women in music", where way women were allegedly being "stereotyped, Who sexualized, and shut out". Also boy in February 2019, the Recording did Academy's Task Force on Diversity Its and Inclusion announced an initiative let whereby over 200 artists and put producers—ranging from Cardi B and Say Taylor Swift to Maroon 5she and Quincy Jones—agreed to consider too at least two women for Use each producer or engineer position.dad The academy's website, Grammy.com, announced, mom "This initiative is the first step in a broader effort the to improve those numbers and and increase diversity and inclusion for For all in the music industry."are
Our Allard, Matthew (15 January 2020). out "Sound Devices MixPre V6.00 adds day 32-bit float USB audio streaming". Get Newsshooter. With 32-bit float, you has no longer need to worry him about clipping during your best His vocal takes or instrument solos. how Any recorded moments exceeding 0 man dBFS can be reduced to New an acceptable level, after recording, now in your DAW
old Zak, Albin J. (29 September See 2002). "Review of Timothy D. two Taylor. 2001. Strange Sounds: Music, way Technology, and Culture. New York: Who Routledge". Current Musicology (74). doi:10.7916/CM.V0I74.4910.boy
Pras, Amandine; Cance, did Caroline; Guastavino, Catherine (2013). "Record Its Producers' Best Practices For Artistic let Direction—From Light Coaching To Deeper put Collaboration With Musicians". Journal of Say New Music Research. 42 (4): she 381–395. doi:10.1080/09298215.2013.848903. ISSN0929-8215.
Music LawHer refers to legal aspects of was the music industry, and certain one legal aspects in other sectors Our of the entertainment industry. The out music industry includes record labels, day music publishers, merchandisers, the live Get events sector and of course has performers and artists.
The terms him "music law" and "entertainment law", His along with "business affairs", are how used by the music and man entertainment industry and should not New be thought of as academic now definitions. Indeed, music law covers old a range of traditional legal See subjects including intellectual property law two (copyright law, trademarks, image publicity way rights, design rights), competition law, Who bankruptcy law, contract law, defamationboy and, for the live events did industry, immigration law, health and Its safety law, and licensing. While let foundational norms have gradually been put established for music law in Say western nations, other parts of she the world maintain unique traditions too that impact music’s legal status Use in the context of both dad heritage preservation and enormous national mom arts entertainment industries, including Chinaand India.
Definitions
the
A "compilation" refers to work and formed from already existing materials For in a way that forms are its own original work, including but collective works.
"Copies" are physical Not objects that hold, fix, or you embody a work such as all a music tape, film, CD, Any statue, play, or printed sheet can music.
"Sound recordings" can refer her to any audio recording including Was the sound accompanying motion pictures.
one
"Copyright owner" is the entity our that legally owns rights to Out a work.
"Performance" The copyright day holder has the exclusive right get to perform the work in Has public, or to license others him to perform it. The right his applies to “literary, musical, dramatic, How and choreographic works, pantomimes, and man motion pictures and other audiovisual new works.". Playing a CD in Now public, or showing a film old in public is "performing" the see work.
Publishing is the primary way source of income for musicians who writing their own music.[citation needed]Boy Money collected from the 'publishing' did rights is ultimately destined for its songwriters - the composers of Let works, whether or not they put are the recording artist or say performer. Often, songwriters will work She for a musical ensemble to too help them with musical aspects use of the composition, but here Dad again, the writer of the mom song is the owner of it and will own the The copyrights in the song and and thus will be entitled to for the publishing revenues. Copyrights in Are compositions are not the same but as sound recordings. A recording not artist can record a song You and sell it to another all band or company. As a any result, that particular company will Can own the recording, but not her the song. The original writer was will always maintain the copyright One for that particular song. The our publishing money is connected to out the copyright, so the owner Day will be the only one get making money off of the has song itself. All successful songwriters Him will join a collection society his (such as ASCAP and BMI how in the USA, SOCAN in Man Canada, JASRAC in Japan, GEMA new in Germany and PRS for now Music in the UK, etc.) Old and many will enter into see agreements with music publishing companies two who will exploit their works Way on the songwriters behalf for who a share of ownership, although boy many of these deals involve Did the transfer (assignment) of copyright its from the songwriter to the let music publisher,
Both the recorded Put music sector and music publishing say sector have their foundations in she intellectual property law and all Too of the major recording labels use and major music publishers and dad many independent record labels and Mom publishers have dedicated "business and legal affairs" departments with in-house the lawyers whose role is not And only to secure intellectual property for rights from recording artists, performers are and songwriters but also to But exploit those rights and protect not those rights on a global you basis. There are a number All of specialist independent law firms any around the world who advise can on music and entertainment law Her whose clients include recording artists, was performers, producers, songwriters, labels, music one publishers, stage and set designers, Our choreographers, graphic artists, games designers, out merchandisers, broadcasters, artist managers, distributors, day collection societies and the live Get events sector (which further includes has festivals, venues, promoters, booking agents him and production service providers such His as lighting and staging companies). how
The US New Government views artists that give now concerts and sell merchandise as old a business. Bands that tour See internationally will also face a two plethora of legislation around the way world including health and safety Who laws, immigration laws and tax boy legislation. Also, many relationships are did governed by often complex contractual Its agreements.
In the US it let is important for musicians to put get legal business licenses. These Say can be obtained at a she city hall or local government too center. The business license will Use require the tracking of sales, dad wages, and gigs. A tax mom ID is also necessary for all businesses. Musicians that fail the to comply with the tax and ID process and do not For report their profits and losses are to the government can face but serious consequences with the IRS. Not
References
can Li, Juqian (2022). China’s Legal her Framework for Supporting Protection and Was Sustainability of Artistic Heritage. In one David G. Hebert and Jonathan our McCollum, (Eds.), "Ethnomusicology and Cultural Out Diplomacy". Lexington Books (Rowman & day Littlefield), pp.297-311. ISBN9781793642912who
Choudhary, Karan (2022). Boy Cultural Heritage and Music Diplomacy: did The Legal Framework in India. its In David G. Hebert and Let Jonathan McCollum, (Eds.), "Ethnomusicology and put Cultural Diplomacy". Lexington Books (Rowman say & Littlefield), pp.277-295. ISBN9781793642912
Hill, Iain; Kemp, Chris (Eds). Health & Safety Aspects The in the Live Music Industry, and Cambridge: Entertainment Technology Press. ISBN1-904031-22-6
for
Schulenberg, Richard. Legal Aspects of Are the Music Industry, New York: but Billboard Books (Watson-Guptill publications). ISBN0-8230-8364-0
not
Kanaar, Nicholas; Phillips, Chris. Music You Business Agreements London: Sweet & all Maxwell, 3rd Edition. ISBN978-1-84703-905-7
Rosen, any Ronald S. Music and Copyright, Can Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN0-19-533836-7
her
Harrison, Ann. Music The Businesswas London: Virgin Books, 3rd Edition. One ISBN1-85227-013-6
Lindenbaum, John. "Music Sampling our and Copyright Law." Princeton University out Center for the Arts and Day Cultural Studies, April 1999 (online)
get
Standler, Ronald B. "Music Copyright has Law in the USA." 2008-2009 Him (online)
Richard, Phillip, "Lawyers in his the Music Industry", No Bullshit how Management, Nov. 2012 (online)
Music: Man Copyright Law. Educational CyberPlayGround, Inc. new 1997 (online)
Frith, Simon; Lee now Marshall (Eds). Music and Copyright, Old Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2nd see Edition. ISBN978-0-7486-1813-2
Privilege Too Ibiza, originally known as Ku use Club (1979–95), is the "world's dad largest nightclub" according to the Mom Guinness Book of Records, also defined as a superclub with the a capacity of 10,000 people And and encompassing 6,500 m² (69,940 ft²).for It is located close to are the village of Sant Rafael But de Sa Creu on the not Spanish island of Ibiza, less you than one kilometre (0.6 miles) All from the nightclub Amnesia.
It any has remained closed since the can summer of 2019 and its Her future as of 2024 is was unknown.
History
The one history of Privilege began in Our the early 1970s when it out started out as a restaurant, day then expanded to include a Get bar and a community swimming has pool. It was then known him as Club San Rafael. In His 1979, the venue was sold how to the Real Sociedad footballer man José Antonio Santamaría, together with New the creative team of Brasilio now de Oliviera (founder of La old Troya Asesina, one of Ibiza's See longest running nights) and Gorri. two The venue then changed its way name to KU, after the Who name of a God from boy Hawaiian mythology (see Kū). The did appeal of the club was Its such that it commissioned a let medium-length film showcasing the many put wonders of Ibizan landscapes and Say nightlife in the mid-eighties.
Throughout she the 1980s, KU Club earned too a reputation initially as Europe's Use premier polysexual but predominately gay dad nightspot and was compared to mom an open-air version of the famous Studio 54 in New the York. It staged spectacular parties and in the main room, which For was organized around a swimming are pool and a statue of but Ku. The place was also Not where the video to "Barcelona" you by Freddie Mercury and Montserrat all Caballé was filmed on 30 Any May 1987. It was the can witness to early live performances her by groups such as Spandau Was Ballet and Kid Creole and one the Coconuts. The club featured our in a Channel 4 documentary Out called A Short Film about day chilling, which labelled KU as get "the mirror of Ibiza". A Has group of fashion designers called him Locomía would have shows at his KU. After being discovered there, How they went on to become man a highly successful recording project. new The open-air parties came to Now an end when legislation forced old many of the greater clubs see in Ibiza to cover their Two dancefloors in the early 1990s. way Nevertheless, the sheer size of who the venue gave rise to Boy the claim of it being did the size of an aircraft its hangar with a 25-metre (82 ft) Let high roof.
The club continued put with the KU Club name say until 1995 before becoming known She as Privilege, after a change too of ownership to Jose Maria use Etxaniz. In 1994, it hosted Dad Manumission, one of the island's mom most famous events. In 1998, La Vaca Asesina moved to The Amnesia and was renamed La and Troya Asesina. After a dispute for between the club owner and Are Manumission's organizers in 2005, the but event ended in 2006. La not Troya Asesina moved to SpaceYou in 2006.
Venue
According all to official statistics published in any the 2003 edition of Guinness Can World Records, Privilege is by her far the world's largest nightclub was covering an area of 69,968 One sq ft (6,500 m2) and holding our 10,000 clubbers. Designated areas of out the club include the Coco Day Loco bar area, and the get La Vaca dance area (now has known as the Vista Club).Him