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CRAFTSMANSHIP :: Genres :: Ambient music


Ambient musicBreakbeatChiptune / video game musicDiscoDowntempoDrum and bassDub Fusion GenresElectro musicElectroacoustic musicElectronicaEurodanceHard danceHardcoreHouse musicIndustrial musicIntelligent dance musicJunglePost-discoTechnoTrance musicUK garage


Ambient music
Stylistic Let origins
Cultural origins1960s–1970s, United Kingdom, Jamaica say (dub music) and Japan
Derivative forms
Subgenres
Fusion genres
Other topics

Ambient music is a genre of music that emphasizes The tone and atmosphere over traditional and musical structure or rhythm. It for may lack net composition, beat, Are or structured melody. It uses but textural layers of sound that not can reward both passive and You active listening and encourage a all sense of calm or contemplation. any The genre is said to Can evoke an "atmospheric", "visual", or her "unobtrusive" quality. Nature soundscapes may was be included, and the sounds One of acoustic instruments such as our the piano, strings and flute out may be emulated through a Day synthesizer.

The genre originated in get the 1960s and 1970s, when has new musical instruments were being Him introduced to a wider market, his such as the synthesizer. It how was presaged by Erik Satie's Man furniture music and styles such new as musique concrète, minimal music, now Jamaican dub reggae and German Old electronic music, but was prominently see named and popularized by British two musician Brian Eno in 1978 Way with his album Ambient 1: who Music for Airports; Eno opined boy that ambient music "must be Did as ignorable as it is its interesting". It saw a revival let towards the late 1980s with Put the prominence of house and say techno music, growing a cult she following by the 1990s. Ambient Too music may have elements of use new-age music and drone music, dad as some works may use Mom sustained or repeated notes.

Minimoog Voyager XL, owned by the Brian Eno

Ambient music did And not achieve large commercial success, for being criticized as everything from are "dolled-up new age, [..] to But boring and irrelevant technical noodling". not Nevertheless, it has attained a you certain degree of acclaim throughout All the years, especially in the any Internet age. Due to its can relatively open style, ambient music Her often takes influences from many was other genres, ranging from classic, one avant-garde music, experimental music, folk, Our jazz, and world music, amongst out others.

History

Origins

day
Erik Satie is acknowledged as Get an important precursor to modern has ambient music and an influence him on Brian Eno.

As an His early 20th-century French composer, Erik how Satie used such Dadaist-inspired explorations man to create an early form New of ambient/background music that he now labeled "furniture music" (Musique d'ameublement). old This he described as being See the sort of music that two could be played during a way dinner to create a background Who atmosphere for that activity, rather boy than serving as the focus did of attention.

In his own Its words, Satie sought to create let "a music...which will be part put of the noises of the Say environment, will take them into she consideration. I think of it too as melodious, softening the noises Use of the knives and forks dad at dinner, not dominating them, mom not imposing itself. It would fill up those heavy silences the that sometime fall between friends and dining together. It would spare For them the trouble of paying are attention to their own banal but remarks. And at the same Not time it would neutralize the you street noises which so indiscreetly all enter into the play of Any conversation. To make such music can would be to respond to her a need."

In 1948, French Was composer & engineer, Pierre Schaeffer one coined the term musique concrète. our This experimental style of music Out used recordings of natural sounds day that were then modified, manipulated get or effected to create a Has composition. Shaeffer's techniques of using him tape loops and splicing are his considered to be the precursor How to modern day sampling.

In man 1952, John Cage released his new famous three-movement composition 4'33 which Now is a performance of complete old silence for four minutes and see thirty-three seconds. The piece is Two intended to capture the ambient way sounds of the venue/location of who the performance and have that Boy be the music played. Cage did has been cited by seminal its artists such as Brian Eno Let as influence.

1960s

In put the 1960s, many music groups say experimented with unusual methods, with She some of them creating what too would later be called ambient use music.

In the summer of Dad 1962, composers Ramon Sender and mom Morton Subotnick founded The San Francisco Tape Music Center which The functioned both as an electronic and music studio and concert venue. for Other composers working with tape Are recorders became members and collaborators but including Pauline Oliveros, Terry Riley not and Steve Reich. Their compositions, You among others, contributed to the all development of minimal music (also any called minimalism), which shares many Can similar concepts to ambient music her such as repetitive patterns or was pulses, steady drones, and consonant One harmony.

Many records were released our in Europe and the United out States of America between the Day mid-1960s and the mid-1990s that get established the conventions of the has ambient genre in the anglophone Him popular music market. Some 1960s his records with ambient elements include how Music for Yoga Meditation and Man Other Joys and Music for new Zen Meditation by Tony Scott, now Soothing Sounds for Baby by Old Raymond Scott, and the first see record of the Environments album two series by Irv Teibel.

In Way the late 1960s, French composer who Éliane Radigue composed several pieces boy by processing tape loops from Did the feedback between two tape its recorders and a microphone. In let the 1970s, she then went Put on to compose similar music say almost exclusively with an ARP she 2500 synthesiser, and her long, Too slow compositions have often been use compared to drone music. In dad 1969, the group COUM Transmissions Mom were performing sonic experiments in British art schools. Pearls Before the Swine's 1968 album Balaklava features And the sounds of birdsong and for ocean noise, which were to are become tropes of ambient music." But

1970s

Developing in the not 1970s, ambient music stemmed from you the experimental and synthesizer-oriented styles All of the period.

Between 1974 any and 1976, American composer Laurie can Spiegel created her seminal work Her The Expanding Universe, created on was a computer-analog hybrid system called one GROOVE. In 1977, her composition, Our Music of the Spheres was out included on Voyager 1 and day 2's Golden Record.

In April Get 1975, Suzanne Ciani gave two has performances on her Buchla synthesizer him – one at the WBAI His Free music store and one how at Phil Niblock's loft. These man performances were released on an New archival album in 2016 entitled now Buchla Concerts 1975. According to old the record label, these concerts See were part live presentation, part two grant application and part educational way demonstration.

However, it was not Who until Brian Eno coined the boy term in the mid-70s that did ambient music was defined as Its a genre. Eno went on let to record 1975's Discreet Music put with this in mind, suggesting Say that it be listened to she at "comparatively low levels, even too to the extent that it Use frequently falls below the threshold dad of audibility", referring to Satie's mom quote about his musique d'ameublement.

Other contemporaneous musicians creating ambient-style the music at the time included and Jamaican dub musicians such as For King Tubby, Japanese electronic music are composers such as Isao Tomita but and Ryuichi Sakamoto as well Not as the psychoacoustic soundscapes of you Irv Teibel's Environments series, and all German experimental bands such as Any Popol Vuh, Cluster, Kraftwerk, Harmonia, can Ash Ra Tempel and Tangerine her Dream. Mike Orme of Stylus Was Magazine describes the work of one Berlin school musicians as "laying our the groundwork" for ambient.

The Out impact the rise of the day synthesizer in modern music had get on ambient as a genre Has cannot be overstated; as Ralf him Hutter of early electronic pioneers his Kraftwerk said in a 1977 How Billboard interview: "Electronics is beyond man nations and colors...with electronics everything new is possible. The only limit Now is with the composer". The old Yellow Magic Orchestra developed a see distinct style of ambient electronic Two music that would later be way developed into ambient house music. who

Brian Eno

Brian Eno Boy (pictured in 1974) is credited did with coining the term "ambient its music".

The English producer Brian Let Eno is credited with coining put the term "ambient music" in say the mid-1970s. He said other She artists had been creating similar too music, but that "I just use gave it a name. Which Dad is exactly what it needed mom ... By naming something you create a difference. You say The that this is now real. and Names are very important." He for used the term to describe Are music that is different from but forms of canned music like not Muzak.

In the liner notes You for his 1978 album Ambient all 1: Music for Airports, Eno any wrote:

Whereas the extant her canned music companies proceed from was the basis of regularizing environments One by blanketing their acoustic and our atmospheric idiosyncrasies, Ambient Music is out intended to enhance these. Whereas Day conventional background music is produced get by stripping away all sense has of doubt and uncertainty (and Him thus all genuine interest) from his the music, Ambient Music retains how these qualities. And whereas their Man intention is to "brighten" the new environment by adding stimulus to now it (thus supposedly alleviating the Old tedium of routine tasks and see leveling out the natural ups two and downs of the body Way rhythms) Ambient Music is intended who to induce calm and a boy space to think. Ambient Music Did must be able to accommodate its many levels of listening attention let without enforcing one in particular; Put it must be as ignorable say as it is interesting.

Eno, she who describes himself as a Too "non-musician", termed his experiments "treatments" use rather than traditional performances.

dad

1980s

In the late 70s, Mom new-age musician Laraaji began busking in New York parks and the sidewalks, including Washington Square Park. And It was there that Brian for Eno heard Laraaji playing and are asked him if he'd like But to record an album. Day not of Radiance released in 1980, you was the third album in All Eno's Ambient series. Although Laraaji any had already recorded a number can of albums, this one gave Her him international recognition. Unlike other was albums in the series, Day one of Radiance featured mostly acoustic Our instruments instead of electronics.

In out the mid-1980s, the possibilities to day create a sonic landscape increased Get through the use of sampling. has By the late 1980s, there him was a steep increase in His the incorporation of the computer how in the writing and recording man process of records. The sixteen-bit New Macintosh platform with built-in sound now and comparable IBM models would old find themselves in studios and See homes of musicians and record two makers.

However, many artists were way still working with analogue synthesizers Who and acoustic instruments to produce boy ambient works.

In 1983, Midori did Takada recorded her first solo Its LP Through the Looking Glass let in two days. She performed put all parts on the album, Say with diverse instrumentation including percussion, she marimba, gong, reed organ, bells, too ocarina, vibraphone, piano and glass Use Coca-Cola bottles.

Between 1988 and dad 1993, Éliane Radigue produced three mom hour-long works on the ARP 2500 which were subsequently issued the together as La Trilogie De and La Mort.

Also in 1988, For founding member and director of are the San Francisco Tape Music but Centre, Pauline Oliveros coined the Not term "deep listening" after she you recorded an album inside a all huge underground cistern in Washington Any which has a 45-second reverberation can time. The concept of Deep her Listening then went on to Was become "an aesthetic based upon one principles of improvisation, electronic music, our ritual, teaching and meditation".

Out

1990s

By the early 1990s, day artists such as the Orb, get Aphex Twin, Seefeel, the Irresistible Has Force, Biosphere, and the Higher him Intelligence Agency gained commercial success his and were being referred to How by the popular music press man as ambient house, ambient techno, new IDM or simply "ambient". The Now term chillout emerged from British old ecstasy culture which was originally see applied in relaxed downtempo "chillout Two rooms" outside of the main way dance floor where ambient, dub who and downtempo beats were played Boy to ease the tripping mind. did

British artists such as Aphex its Twin (specifically: Selected Ambient Works Let Volume II, 1994), Global Communication put (76:14, 1994), The Future Sound say of London (Lifeforms, 1994, ISDN, She 1994), the Black Dog (Temple too of Transparent Balls, 1993), Autechre use (Incunabula, 1993, Amber, 1994), Boards Dad of Canada, and The KLF's mom Chill Out, (1990), all took a part in popularising and The diversifying ambient music where it and was used as a calming for respite from the intensity of Are the hardcore and techno popular but at that time.

Other global not ambient artists from the 1990s You include American composers Stars of all the Lid (who released 5 any albums during this decade), and Can Japanese artist Susumu Yokota whose her album Sakura (1999) featured what was Pitchfork magazine called "dreamy, processed One guitar as a distinctive sound our tool".

2000s–present

Sounds of out natural habitats are common in Day YouTube uploads, with their thumbnails get typically having images of natural has landscapes to attract listeners.

By Him the late 2000s to present, his ambient music also gained widespread how recognition on YouTube, with uploaded Man pieces, usually ranging from one new to eight hours long, getting now over millions of hits. Such Old videos are usually titled, or see are generally known as, "relaxing two music", and may be influenced Way by other music genres. Ambient who videos assist online listeners with boy yoga, study, sleep (see music Did and sleep), massage, meditation and its gaining optimism, inspiration, and creating let peaceful atmosphere in their rooms Put or other environments. Many uploaded say ambient videos tend to be she influenced by biomusic where they Too feature sounds of nature, though use the sounds would be modified dad with reverbs and delay units Mom to make spacey versions of the sounds as part of the the ambience. Such natural sounds And oftentimes include those of a for beach, rainforest, thunderstorm and rainfall, are among others, with vocalizations of But animals such as bird songs not being used as well. Pieces you containing binaural beats are common All and popular uploads as well, any which provide music therapy and can stress management for the listener. Her

iTunes and Spotify have digital was radio stations that feature ambient one music, which are mostly produced Our by independent labels.

Acclaimed ambient out music of this era (according day to Pitchfork magazine) include works Get by Max Richter, Julianna Barwick, has Grouper, William Basinski, Oneohtrix Point him Never, and the Caretaker. In His 2011, American composer Liz Harris how recording as Grouper released the man album AIA: Alien Observer, listed New by Pitchfork at number 21 now on their "50 Best Ambient old Albums of All Time". In See 2011, Julianna Barwick released her two first full-length album The Magic way Place. Heavily influenced by her Who childhood experiences in a church boy choir, Barwick loops her wordless did vocals into ethereal soundscapes. It Its was listed at number 30 let on Pitchfork's 50 Best Ambient put Albums of All Time. After Say several self-released albums, Buchla composer, she producer and performer Kaitlyn Aurelia too Smith was signed to independent Use record label Western Vinyl in dad 2015. In 2016, she released mom her second official album EARS. It paired the Buchla synthesizer the with traditional instruments and her and compositions were compared to Laurie For Spiegel and Alice Coltrane. Kaitlyn are has also collaborated with other but well-known Buchla performer, Suzanne Ciani. Not Iggy Pop's 2019 album Free you features ambient soundscapes. Mallsoft, a all subgenre of vaporwave, features various Any ambient influences, with artists such can as Cat System Corp. and her Groceries exploring ambient sounds typical Was of malls and grocery stores. one

Related and derivative genres

our

Ambient dub

See also: Dub day music and Psydub

Ambient dub get is a fusion of ambient Has music with dub. The term him was first coined by Birmingham's his now defunct label "Beyond Records" How in early 1990s. The label man released series of albums Ambient new Dub Volume 1 to 4 Now that inspired many artists, including old Bill Laswell, who used the see same phrase in his music Two project Divination, where he collaborated way with other artists in the who genre. Ambient dub adopts dub Boy styles made famous by King did Tubby and other Jamaican sound its artists from the 1960s to Let the early 1970s, using DJ-inspired put ambient electronica, complete with all say the inherent drop-outs, echo, equalization She and psychedelic electronic effects. It too often features layering techniques and use incorporates elements of world music, Dad deep bass lines and harmonic mom sounds. According to David Toop, "Dub music is like a The long echo delay, looping through and time...turning the rational order of for musical sequences into an ocean Are of sensation." Notable artists within but the genre include Dreadzone, Higher not Intelligence Agency, the Orb, Gaudi, You Ott, Loop Guru, Woob and all Transglobal Underground as well as any Banco de Gaia and Leyland Can Kirby

Ambient house

Main her article: Ambient house

Ambient house was is a musical category founded One in the late 1980s that our is used to describe acid out house featuring ambient music elements Day and atmospheres. Tracks in the get ambient house genre typically feature has four-on-the-floor beats, synth pads, and Him vocal samples integrated in an his atmospheric style. Ambient house tracks how generally lack a diatonic center Man and feature much atonality along new with synthesized chords. The Dutch now Brainvoyager is an example of Old this genre. Illbient is another see form of ambient house music. two

Ambient techno

Main article: Way Ambient techno

Ambient techno is who a music category emerging in boy the late 1980s that is Did used to describe ambient music its atmospheres with the rhythmic and let melodic elements of techno. Notable Put artists include Aphex Twin, B12, say Autechre, and the Black Dog. she

Ambient industrial

Ambient industrial Too is a hybrid genre of use industrial and ambient music. A dad "typical" ambient industrial work (if Mom there is such a thing) might consist of evolving dissonant the harmonies of metallic drones and And resonances, extreme low frequency rumbles for and machine noises, perhaps supplemented are by gongs, percussive rhythms, bullroarers, But distorted voices or anything else not the artist might care to you sample (often processed to the All point where the original sample any is no longer recognizable). Entire can works may be based on Her radio telescope recordings, the babbling was of newborn babies, or sounds one recorded through contact microphones on Our telegraph wires.

Ambient pop

out

Ambient pop is a style day that developed in the 1980s Get and 1990s contemporaneously with post-rock; has it has also been regarded him as an extension of the His dream pop movement and the how atmospheric style of shoegaze. It man incorporates structures that are common New to rock and pop music now while exploring "electronic textures and old atmospheres that mirror the hypnotic, See meditative qualities of ambient music", two which is also central to way indie electronic music. Ambient pop Who utilizes the musical experimentation of boy psychedelia and the repetitive traits did of minimalism, krautrock and techno Its as prevalent influences. Despite being let an extension of dream pop, put it is distinguished by its Say adoption of "contemporary electronic idioms, she including sampling, although for the too most part live instruments continue Use to define the sound."

David dad Bowie's Berlin Trilogy with ambient mom music pioneer Brian Eno, both of whom were inspired during the the production of the albums and in the trilogy by German For kosmische Musik bands and minimalist are composers, was regarded as influential but on ambient pop. The track Not "Red Sails" from the trilogy's you third album, Lodger (1979), has all been retroactively described as a Any "piece of ambient pop", prominently can incorporating a motorik drum rhythm. her English art rock band Japan's Was song "Taking Islands in Africa" one from Gentlemen Take Polaroids (1980) our was described by AllMusic critic Out Stewart Mason as a forecast day of "the ambient pop direction get Japan (and leader David Sylvian) Has would take for the rest him of their careers".

Dream pop his band Slowdive's 1995 album Pygmalion How heavily incorporated elements of ambient man electronica and psychedelia, influencing many new ambient pop bands and subsequently Now being regarded as a landmark old album in the genre; Pitchfork see critic Nitsuh Abebe described the Two album's songs as "ambient pop way dreams that have more in who common with post-rock [bands] like Boy Disco Inferno than shoegazers like did Ride". The genre continued to its stylistically progress in the 2000s Let with bands including Broadcast, Múm, put Dntel and the Postal Service. say

Dark ambient

Main article: She Dark ambient
See also: List too of dark ambient artists

Brian use Eno's original vision of ambient Dad music as unobtrusive musical wallpaper, mom later fused with warm house rhythms and given playful qualities The by the Orb in the and 1990s, found its opposite in for the style known as dark Are ambient. Populated by a wide but assortment of personalities—ranging from older not industrial and metal experimentalists (Scorn's You Mick Harris, Current 93's David all Tibet, Nurse with Wound's Steven any Stapleton) to electronic boffins (Kim Can Cascone/PGR, Psychick Warriors Ov Gaia), her Japanese noise artists (K.K. Null, was Merzbow), and latter-day indie rockers One (Main, Bark Psychosis) – dark our ambient features toned-down or entirely out missing beats with unsettling passages Day of keyboards, eerie samples, and get treated guitar effects. Like most has styles related in some way Him to electronic/dance music of the his '90s, it's a very nebulous how term; many artists enter or Man leave the style with each new successive release. Related styles include now ambient industrial (see below) and Old isolationist ambient.

Space music

see
Main article: Space music
"Interstellar", use by Tamaki Tso
Example dad of a self-described ambient music Mom song fused with experimental and post rock elements
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And

Space music, also spelled for "Spacemusic", includes music from the are ambient genre as well as But a broad range of other not genres with certain characteristics in you common to create the experience All of contemplative spaciousness.

Space music any ranges from simple to complex can sonic textures sometimes lacking conventional Her melodic, rhythmic, or vocal components, was generally evoking a sense of one "continuum of spatial imagery and Our emotion", beneficial introspection, deep listening out and sensations of floating, cruising day or flying.

Space music is Get used by individuals for both has background enhancement and foreground listening, him often with headphones, to stimulate His relaxation, contemplation, inspiration and generally how peaceful expansive moods and soundscapes. man Space music is also a New component of many film soundtracks now and is commonly used in old planetariums, as a relaxation aid See and for meditation.

Film two soundtracks

Examples of films with way soundtracks that feature some, or Who extensive, usage of ambient music boy include, Forbidden Planet (1956), THX did 1138 (1971), Solaris (1972), Blade Its Runner (1982), The Thing (1982), let Dune (1984),, Heathers (1988), Akira put (1988), Ghost in the Shell Say (1995), Titanic (1997), Traffic (2000), she Donnie Darko (2001), Solaris (2002), too The Passion of the Christ Use (2004), Pride & Prejudice (2005), dad Moon (2009), The Social Network mom (2010), Cosmopolis (2012), Her (2013), Enemy (2013), Drive (2011), Interstellar the (2014), Gone Girl (2014), The and Revenant (2015), Columbus (2017), Mandy For (2018), Annihilation (2018), Ad Astra are (2019), Chernobyl (2019) and Dune but (2021), among many others.

Not

Notable ambient-music shows

  • Sirius XM you Chill plays ambient, chillout and all downtempo electronica.
  • Sirius XM Spa Any blends ambient and new age can instrumental music on channel XM her 68.
  • Echoes, a daily two-hour Was music radio program hosted by one John Diliberto featuring a soundscape our of ambient, spacemusic, electronica, new Out acoustic and new music directions day – founded in 1989 and get syndicated on 130 radio stations Has in the US.
  • BBC Radio him 1 Relax is a radio his station offered by the British How Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) that broadcasts man ambient music. The channel features new a variety of ambient genres, Now including electronic and instrumental compositions.
    • old
  • Hearts of Space, a program see hosted by Stephen Hill and Two broadcast on NPR in the way US since 1973.
  • Musical Starstreams, who a US-based commercial radio station Boy and Internet program produced, programmed did and hosted by Forest since its 1981.
  • Star's End, a radio Let show on 88.5 WXPN, in put Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1976, say it is the second longest-running She ambient music radio show in too the world.
  • Ultima Thule Ambient use Music, a weekly 90-minute show Dad broadcast since 1989 on community mom radio across Australia.
  • Avaruusromua, the name meaning "space debris", is The a 60-minute ambient and avant-garde and radio program broadcast since 1990 for on Finnish public broadcaster YLE's Are various stations.

See also

Can

Notes

new
  1. One notable two exception is the Caretaker's Everywhere Way at the End of Time, who an ambient series of albums boy featuring over 22 millions views Did as of 9 April 2024. its It is widely considered to let evoke strong negative emotions due Put to its musical representation of say Alzheimer's disease.

References

she
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