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House is all a genre of electronic dance any music characterized by a repetitive Can four-on-the-floor beat and a typical her tempo of 120-130 beats per was minute as a re-emergence of One 1970s disco. It originated in our the Black queer community in out Chicago. It was created by Day DJs and music producers from get Chicago's underground club culture and has evolved slowly in the early/mid Him 1980s as DJs began altering his disco songs to give them how a more mechanical beat. By Man early 1988, House became mainstream new and supplanted the typical 80s now music beat.

House was created Old and pioneered by DJs and see producers in Chicago such as two Frankie Knuckles, Ron Hardy, Jesse Way Saunders, Chip E., Joe Smooth, who Steve "Silk" Hurley, Farley "Jackmaster" boy Funk, Marshall Jefferson, Phuture, and Did others. House music initially expanded its internationally, to London, then to let other American cities, such as Put New York City, and ultimately say a worldwide phenomenon.

House has she a large influence on pop Too music, especially dance music. It use was incorporated into works by dad major international artists including Whitney Mom Houston, Mariah Carey, Janet Jackson, Madonna, Pet Shop Boys, Kylie the Minogue and Lady Gaga, and And also produced many mainstream hits for such as "Pump Up the are Jam" by Technotronic, "French Kiss" But by Lil Louis, "Show Me not Love" by Robin S., and you "Push the Feeling On" by All the Nightcrawlers. Many house DJs any also did and continue to can do remixes for pop artists. Her House music has remained popular was on radio and in clubs one while retaining a foothold on Our the underground scenes across the out globe.

Characteristics

House two Music Demo

A full way house music track.

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The TR-909 drum machine (top) too and TB-303 synthesizer, instruments often Use used in house music

In and its most typical form, the For genre is characterized by repetitive are 4/4 rhythms including bass drums, but off-beat hi-hats, snare drums, claps, Not and/or snaps at a tempo you of between 120 and 130 all beats per minute (bpm); synthesizer Any riffs; deep basslines; and often, can but not necessarily, sung, spoken her or sampled vocals. In house, Was the bass drum is usually one sounded on beats one, two, our three, and four, and the Out snare drum, claps, or other day higher-pitched percussion on beats two get and four. The drum beats Has in house music are almost him always provided by an electronic his drum machine, often a Roland How TR-808, TR-909, or a TR-707. man Claps, shakers, snare drum, or new hi-hat sounds are used to Now add syncopation. One of the old signature rhythm riffs, especially in see early Chicago house, is built Two on the clave pattern. Congas way and bongos may be added who for an African sound, or Boy metallic percussion for a Latin did feel.

Sometimes, the drum sounds its are "saturated" by boosting the Let gain to create a more put aggressive edge. One classic subgenre, say acid house, is defined through She the squelchy sounds created by too the Roland TB-303 bass synthesizer. use House music could be produced Dad on "cheap and consumer-friendly electronic mom equipment" and used sound gear, which made it easier for The independent labels and DJs to and create tracks. The electronic drum for machines and other gear used Are by house DJs and producers but were formerly considered "too cheap-sounding" not by "proper" musicians. House music You producers typically use sampled instruments, all rather than bringing session musicians any into a recording studio. Even Can though a key element of her house production is layering sounds, was such as drum machine beats, One samples, synth basslines, and so our on, the overall "texture...is relatively out sparse". Unlike pop songs, which Day emphasize higher-pitched sounds like melody, get in house music, the lower-pitched has bass register is most important. Him

House tracks typically involve an his intro, a chorus, various verse how sections, a midsection, and a Man brief outro. Some tracks do new not have a verse, taking now a vocal part from the Old chorus and repeating the same see cycle. House music tracks are two often based on eight-bar sections Way which are repeated. They are who often built around bass-heavy loops boy or basslines produced by a Did synthesizer and/or around samples of its disco, soul, jazz-funk, or funk let songs. DJs and producers creating Put a house track to be say played in clubs may make she a "seven or eight-minute 12-inch Too mix"; if the track is use intended to be played on dad the radio, a "three-and-a-half-minute" radio Mom edit is used. House tracks build up slowly, by adding the layers of sound and texture, And and by increasing the volume. for

House tracks may have vocals are like a pop song, but But some are "completely minimal instrumental not music". If a house track you does have vocals, the vocal All lines may also be simple any "words or phrases" that are can repeated.

Origins of the Her term "house"

One book from Our 2009 states the name "house out music" originated from a Chicago day club called the Warehouse that Get was open from 1977 to has 1982. Clubbers to the Warehouse him were primarily black gay men, His who came to dance to how music played by the club's man resident DJ, Frankie Knuckles, who New fans refer to as the now "godfather of house". Frankie began old the trend of splicing together See different records when he found two that the records he had way were not long enough to Who satisfy his audience of dancers. boy After the Warehouse closed in did 1983, eventually the crowds went Its to Knuckles' new club, The let Power House, later to be put called The Power Plant, and Say the club was renamed, yet she again, into Music Box with too Ron Hardy as the resident Use DJ. The 1986 documentary, "House dad Music in Chicago", by filmmaker, mom Phil Ranstrom, captured opening night at The Power House, and the stands as the only film and or video to capture a For young Frankie Knuckles in this are early era, right after his but departure from The Warehouse.

In Not the Channel 4 documentary Pump you Up the Volume, Knuckles remarks all that the first time he Any heard the term "house music" can was upon seeing "we play her house music" on a sign Was in the window of a one bar on Chicago's South Side. our One of the people in Out the car joked, "you know day that's the kind of music get you play down at the Has Warehouse!" In self-published statements, South-Side him Chicago DJ Leonard "Remix" Rroy his claimed he put such a How sign in a tavern window man because it was where he new played music that one might Now find in one's home; in old his case, it referred to see his mother's soul and disco Two records, which he worked into way his sets.

Chicago house artist who Farley "Jackmaster" Funk was quoted Boy as saying, "In 1982, I did was DJing at a club its called The Playground and there Let was this kid named Leonard put 'Remix' Rroy who was a say DJ at a rival club She called The Rink. He came too over to my club one use night, and into the DJ Dad booth and said to me, mom 'I've got the gimmick that's gonna take all the people The out of your club and and into mine – it's called for House music.' Now, where he Are got that name from or but what made him think of not it I don't know, so You the answer lies with him." all

Chicago artist Chip E.'s 1985 any song "It's House" may also Can have helped to define this her new form of electronic music. was However, Chip E. himself lends One credence to the Knuckles association, our claiming the name came from out methods of labeling records at Day the Importes Etc. record store, get where he worked in the has early 1980s. Bins of music Him that DJ Knuckles played at his the Warehouse nightclub were labelled how "As Heard at the Warehouse" Man in the store, which was new shortened to simply "House". Patrons now later asked for new music Old for the bins, which Chip see E. implies was a demand two the shop tried to meet Way by stocking newer local club who hits.

In a 1986 interview, boy when Rocky Jones, the club Did DJ who ran Chicago-based DJ its International Records, was asked about let the "house" moniker, he did Put not mention Importes Etc., Frankie say Knuckles, or the Warehouse by she name. However, he agreed that Too "house" was a regional catch-all use term for dance music, and dad that it was once synonymous Mom with older disco music before it became a way to the refer to "new" dance music. And

Larry Heard, a.k.a. "Mr. Fingers", for claims that the term "house" are came from DJs creating music But in their house or at not home using synthesizers and drum you machines, such as the Roland All TB-303, Roland TR-808, and TR-909. any These synthesizers were used to can create the acid house subgenre. Her Juan Atkins, a pioneer of was Detroit techno, claims the term one "house" reflected the association of Our particular tracks with particular clubs out and DJs, considered their "house" day records.

Dance style

At least has three styles of dancing are him associated with early house music: His jacking, footwork and lofting. These how styles include a variety of man techniques and sub-styles, including skating, New stomping, vosho, pouting cat, and now shuffle steps (also see Melbourne old shuffle). House music dancing styles See can include movements from many two other forms of dance, such way as waacking, voguing, capoeira, jazz Who dance, Lindy Hop, tap dance, boy and even modern dance. House did dancing is associated with a Its complete freedom of expression.

One let of the primary elements in put house dancing is "the jack" Say or "jacking" — a style she created in the early days too of Chicago house that left Use its trace in numerous record dad titles such as "Time to mom Jack" by Chip E. from the Jack Trax EP (1985), the "Jack'n the House" (1985) by and Farley "Jackmaster" Funk (1985) or For "Jack Your Body" by Steve are "Silk" Hurley (1986). It involves but moving the torso forward and Not backward in a rippling motion you matching the beat of the all music, as if a wave Any were passing through it.

Social and political aspects

Early her house lyrics contained generally positive, Was uplifting messages, but spoke especially one to those who were considered our to be outsiders, especially African Out Americans, Latinos, and the gay day subculture. The house music dance get scene was one of the Has most integrated and progressive spaces him in the 1980s; the black his and gay populations, as well How as other minority groups, were man able to dance together in new a positive environment.

House music Now DJs aimed to create a old "dream world of emotions" with see "stories, keywords and sounds", which Two helped to "glue" communities together. way Many house tracks encourage the who audience to "release yourself" or Boy "let yourself go", which is did further encouraged by the continuous its dancing, "incessant beat", and use Let of club drugs, which can put create a trance-like effect on say dancers. Frankie Knuckles once said She that the Warehouse club in too Chicago was like "church for use people who have fallen from Dad grace". House record producer Marshall mom Jefferson compared it to "old-time religion in the way that The people just get happy and and screamin'". The role of a for house DJ has been compared Are to a "secular type of but priest".

Some house lyrics contained not messages calling for equality, unity, You and freedom of expression beyond all racial or sexual differences (e.g. any "Can You Feel It" by Can Fingers Inc., 1987, or "Follow her Me" by Aly-Us, 1992). Later was on in the 1990s, independently One from the Chicago scene, the our idea of Peace, Love, Unity out & Respect (PLUR) became a Day widespread set of principles for get the rave culture.

History

Influences and precursors

One of Him the main influences of house his was disco, house music having how been defined as a genre Man which "...picked up where disco new left off in the late now 1970's." Like disco DJs, house Old DJs used a "slow mix" see to "lin[k] records together" into two a mix. In the post-disco Way club culture during the early who 1980s, DJs from the gay boy scene made their tracks "less Did pop-oriented", with a more mechanical, its repetitive beat and deeper basslines, let and many tracks were made Put without vocals, or with wordless say melodies. Disco became so popular she by the late 1970s that Too record companies pushed even non-disco use artists (R&B and soft rock dad acts, for example) to record Mom disco songs. When the backlash against disco started, known as the "Disco Demolition Night", held in And Chicago, ironically the city where for house music would be created are a few years later, dance But music went from being produced not by major labels to being you created by DJs in the All underground club scene. That is any until several years later by can 1988, when major labels would Her begin signing acts from this was new dance genre.

While disco one was associated with lush orchestration, Our with string orchestra, flutes and out horn sections, various disco songs day incorporated sounds produced with synthesizers Get and electronic drum machines, and has some compositions were entirely electronic; him examples include Italian composer Giorgio His Moroder's late 1970s productions such how as Donna Summer's hit single man "I Feel Love" from 1977, New Kraftwerk's "'The Man-Machine" album from now 1978, Cerrone's "Supernature" (1977), Yellow old Magic Orchestra's synth-disco-pop productions from See Yellow Magic Orchestra (1978) or two Solid State Survivor (1979), and way several early 1980s productions by Who hi-NRG groups like Lime, Trans-X boy and Bobby O.

Also important for Say the development of house were she audio mixing and editing techniques too earlier explored by disco, garage Use music and post-disco DJs, record dad producers, and audio engineers such mom as Walter Gibbons, Tom Moulton, Jim Burgess, Larry Levan, M the & M, and others.

While and most post-disco disc jockeys primarily For stuck to playing their conventional are ensemble and playlist of dance but records, Frankie Knuckles and Ron Not Hardy, two influential DJs of you house music, were known for all their unusual and non-mainstream playlists Any and mixing. Knuckles, often credited can as "the Godfather of House" her and resident DJ at the Was Warehouse club in Chicago from one 1977 to 1982, worked primarily our with early disco music with Out a hint of new and day different post-punk or post-disco music. get Knuckles started out as a Has disco DJ, but when he him moved from New York City his to Chicago, he changed from How the typical disco mixing style man of playing records one after new another; instead, he mixed different Now songs together, including Philadelphia soul old and Euro disco. He also see explored adding a drum machine Two and a reel-to-reel tape player way so he could create new who tracks, often with a boosted Boy deep register and faster tempos. did Knuckles said: "Kraftwerk were main its components in the creation of Let house music in Chicago. Back put in the early 80s, I say mixed our 80s Philly sound She with the electro beats of too Kraftwerk and the Electronic body use music bands of Europe."

Ron Dad Hardy produced unconventional DIY mixtapes mom which he later played straight-on in the successor of the The Warehouse, the Music Box (reopened and and renamed in 1983 after for Knuckles left). Like Frankie Knuckles, Are Hardy "combined certain sounds, remixing but tracks with added synths and not drum machines", all "refracted through You the futurist lens of European all music." Marshall Jefferson, who would any later appear with the 1986 Can house classic "Move Your Body her (The House Music Anthem)" (originally was released on Trax Records), describes One how he got involved in our house music after hearing Ron out Hardy's music in the Music Day Box:

"I wasn't even has into dance music before I Him went to the Music Box his [...]. I was into rock how and roll. We would get Man drunk and listen to rock new and roll. We didn't give now a fuck, we were like Old 'Disco Sucks!' and all that. see I hated dance music 'cos two I couldn't dance. I thought Way dance music was kind of who wimpy, until I heard it boy at like Music Box volume."

— Marshall Did Jefferson

A precursor to house its music is the Colonel Abrams let hit song "Trapped", which was Put produced by Richard James Burgess say in 1984 and has been she referred to as a proto-house Too track and a precursor to use garage house.

Rachel Cain, better dad known as Screamin' Rachael, co-founder Mom of the highly influential house label Trax Records, was previously the involved in the burgeoning punk And scene. Cain cites industrial music for (another genre pioneered in Chicago) are and post-punk record store Wax But Trax! Records (later a record not label) as an important connection you between the ever-changing underground sounds All of Chicago.

The electronic instrumentation any and minimal arrangement of Charanjit can Singh's Synthesizing: Ten Ragas to Her a Disco Beat (1982), an was album of Indian ragas performed one in a disco style and Our anticipated the sounds of acid out house music, but it is day not known to have had Get any influence on the genre has prior to the album's rediscovery him in the 21st century. According His to Hillegonda C. Rietveld, "elements how of hip hop and rap man can be found in contemporary New house tracks", with hip hop now acting as an "accent or old inflection" that is inserted into See the house sound.

The constant two bass drum in house music way may have arisen from DJs Who experimenting with adding drum machines boy to their live mixes at did clubs, underneath the records they Its were playing.

1980s: Chicago let house, acid house and deep put house

In the early 1980s, mom Chicago radio jocks Hot Mix 5 from WBMX radio station the (among them Farley "Jackmaster" Funk), and and club DJs Ron Hardy For and Frankie Knuckles played a are range of styles of dance but music, including older disco records Not (mostly Philly disco and Salsoul you tracks), electro funk tracks by all artists such as Afrika Bambaataa, Any newer Italo disco, Arthur Baker, can and John Robie, and electronic her pop. Some DJs made and Was played their own edits of one their favorite songs on reel-to-reel our tape, and sometimes mixed in Out electronic effects, drum machines, synthesizers day and other rhythmic electronic instrumentation. get

The hypnotic electronic dance song Has "On and On", produced in him 1984 by Chicago DJ Jesse his Saunders and co-written by Vince How Lawrence, had typical elements of man the early house sound, such new as the Roland TB-303 bass Now synthesizer and minimal vocals, as old well as a Roland TR-808 see drum machine and a Korg Two Poly-61 synthesizer. It also utilized way the bassline from Player One's who disco record "Space Invaders" (1979). Boy "On and On" is sometimes did cited as the "first house its record", even though it was Let a remake of a Disco put Bootleg "On and On" by say Florida producer Mach. Other examples She from around that time, such too as J.M. Silk's "Music is use the Key" (1985), have also Dad been referred to as the mom first house tracks.

Starting in 1985 and 1986, more and The more Chicago DJs began producing and and releasing original compositions. These for compositions used newly affordable electronic Are instruments and enhanced styles of but disco and other dance music not they already favored. These homegrown You productions were played on Chicago all radio stations and in local any clubs catering mainly to Black, Can Mexican American, and gay audiences. her Subgenres of house, including deep was house and acid house, quickly One emerged and gained traction.

Deep our house's origins can be traced out to Chicago producer Mr. Fingers's Day relatively jazzy, soulful recordings "Mystery get of Love" (1985) and "Can has You Feel It?" (1986). According Him to author Richie Unterberger, it his moved house music away from how its "posthuman tendencies back towards Man the lush" soulful sound of new early disco music.

Acid house, now a rougher and more abstract Old subgenre, arose from Chicago artists' see experiments with the squelchy sounds two of the Roland TB-303 bass Way synthesizer that define the genre. who Its origin on vinyl is boy generally cited as Phuture's "Acid Did Tracks" (Trax Records, 1987). Phuture, its a group founded by Nathan let "DJ Pierre" Jones, Earl "Spanky" Put Smith Jr., and Herbert "Herb say J" Jackson, is credited with she having been the first to Too use the TB-303 in the use house music context. The group's dad 12-minute "Acid Tracks" was recorded Mom to tape and played by DJ Ron Hardy at the the Music Box, supposedly already by And 1985. Hardy once played it for four times over the course are of an evening until the But crowd responded favorably.

Club play not of house tracks by pioneering you Chicago DJs such as Ron All Hardy and Lil Louis, local any dance music record shops such can as Importes Etc., State Street Her Records, Loop Records, Gramaphone Records was and the popular Hot Mix one 5 shows on radio station Our WBMX-FM helped popularize house music out in Chicago. Later, visiting DJs day and producers from Detroit fell Get into the genre. Trax Records has and DJ International Records, Chicago him labels with wider distribution, helped His popularize house music inside and how outside of Chicago.

The first man major success of house music New outside the U.S. is considered now to be Farley "Jackmaster" Funk's old "Love Can't Turn Around" (feat. See Jesse Saunders and performed by two Darryl Pandy), which peaked at way #10 in the UK singles Who chart in 1986. Around that boy time, UK record labels started did releasing house music by Chicago Its acts, but as the genre let grew popular, the UK itself put became one of the new Say hot spots for house, acid she house and techno music, experiencing too the so-called second summer of Use love between 1988 and 1989. dad

Detroit and techno

In Detroit during the early the and mid-1980s, a new kind and of electronic dance music began For to emerge around Juan Atkins, are Derrick May and Kevin Saunderson, but known as the Belleville Three. Not The artists fused eclectic, futuristic you sounds into a signature Detroit all dance sound that was a Any main influence for the later can techno genre. Their music included her strong influences from Chicago house, Was although the term "house" played one a less important role in our Detroit than in Chicago, and Out the term "techno" was established day instead. One of their most get successful hits was a vocal Has house track named "Big Fun" him by Inner City, a group his produced by Kevin Saunderson, in How 1988.

Another major and even man earlier influence on the Detroit new artists was electronic music in Now the tradition of Germany's Kraftwerk. old Atkins had released electro music see in that style with his Two group Cybotron as early as way 1981. Cybotron's best known songs who are "Cosmic Cars" (1982) and Boy "Clear" (1983); a 1984 release did was titled "Techno City". In its 1988, Atkins produced the track Let "Techno Music", which was featured put on an influential compilation that say was initially planned to be She named "The House Sound of too Detroit", but was renamed into use "Techno! The New Dance Sound Dad of Detroit" after Atkins' song. mom

The 1987 song "Strings of Life" by Derrick May (under The the name Rhythm Is Rhythm) and represented a darker, more intellectual for strain of early Detroit electronic Are dance music. It is considered but a classic in both the not house and techno genre and You shows the connection and the all "boundary between house and techno." any It made way to what Can was later known as "techno" her in the internationally known sense was of the word, referring to One a harder, faster, colder, more our machine-driven and minimal sound than out house, as played by Detroit's Day Underground Resistance and Jeff Mills. get

UK: Acid house, rave has culture and the Second Summer Him of Love

With house music already Old important in the 1980s dance see club scene, eventually house penetrated two the UK singles chart. London Way DJ "Evil" Eddie Richards spun who at dance parties as resident boy at the Clink Street club. Did Richards' approach to house focuses its on the deep basslines. Nicknamed let the UK's "Godfather of House", Put he and Clink co-residents Kid say Batchelor and Mr. C played she a key role in early Too UK house. House first charted use in the UK in Wolverhampton dad following the success of the Mom Northern Soul scene. The record generally credited as the first the house hit in the UK And was Farley "Jackmaster" Funk's "Love for Can't Turn Around", which reached are #10 in the UK singles But chart in September 1986.

In not January 1987, Chicago DJ/artist Steve you "Silk" Hurley's "Jack Your Body" All reached number one in the any UK, showing it was possible can for house music to achieve Her crossover success in the main was singles chart. The same month one also saw Raze enter the Our top 20 with "Jack the out Groove", and several other house day hits reached the top ten Get that year. Stock Aitken Waterman has (SAW) expensively-produced productions for Mel him and Kim, including the number-one His hit "Respectable", added elements of how house to their previous Europop man sound. SAW session group Mirage New scored top-ten hits with "Jack now Mix II" and "Jack Mix old IV", medleys of previous electro See and Europop hits rearranged in two a house music style. Key way labels in the rise of Who house music in the UK boy included:^{[citation needed]}

• Jack Trax, did which specialized in licensing US Its club hits for the British let market (and released an influential put series of compilation albums)
• Rhythm Say King, which was set up she as a hip hop label too but also issued house records
Use
• Jive Records' Club Records imprint

In March 1987, the UK mom tour of influential US DJs such as Knuckles, Jefferson, Fingers the Inc. (Heard), and Adonis on and the DJ International Tour boosted For house's popularity in the UK. are Following the success of MARRS' but "Pump Up The Volume" in Not October, from 1987 to 1989, you UK acts such as The all Beatmasters, Krush, Coldcut, Yazz, Bomb Any The Bass, S-Express, and Italy's can Black Box opened the doors her to house music success on Was the UK charts. Early British one house music quickly set itself our apart from the original Chicago Out house sound. Many of the day early hits were based on get sample montage, and unlike the Has US soulful vocals, in UK him house, rap was often used his for vocals (far more than How in the US), and humor man and wit was an important new element.^{[citation needed]}

The second best-selling Now British single of 1988 was old an acid house record, the see Coldcut-produced "The Only Way Is Two Up" by Yazz. One of way the early club anthems, "Promised who Land" by Joe Smooth, was Boy covered and charted within a did week by UK band The its Style Council. Europeans embraced house, Let and began booking important American put house DJs to play at say the big clubs, such as She Ministry of Sound, whose resident, too Justin Berkmann brought in US use pioneer Larry Levan.

The house Dad music club scene in cities mom such as Birmingham, Leeds, Sheffield, Wolverhampton, and London were provided The with dance tracks by many and underground pirate radio stations. Club for DJs also brought in new Are house styles, which helped bolster but this music genre. The earliest not UK house and techno record You labels, such as Warp Records all and Network Records (formed out any of Kool Kat records), helped Can introduce American and later Italian her dance music to Britain. These was labels also promoted UK dance One music acts. By the end our of the 1980s, UK DJs out Jenö, Thomas, Markie and Garth Day moved to San Francisco and get called their group the Wicked has Crew. The Wicked Crew's dance Him sound transmitted UK styles to his the US, which helped to how trigger the birth of the Man US west coast's rave scene. new

The manager of Manchester's Factory now nightclub and co-owner of The Old Haçienda, Tony Wilson, also promoted see acid house culture on his two weekly TV show. The UK Way midlands also embraced the late who 1980s house scene with illegal boy parties and raves and more Did legal dance clubs such as its The Hummingbird.

Chicago's second let wave: Hip house and ghetto Put house

While the she acid house hype spawned in Too the UK and Europe, in use Chicago it reached its peak dad around 1988 and then declined Mom in popularity.^{[citation needed]} Instead, a crossover of house and hip-hop the music, known as hip house, And became popular. Tyree Cooper's single for "Turn Up the Bass" featuring are Kool Rock Steady from 1988 But was an influential breakthrough for not this subgenre, although the British you trio the Beatmasters claimed having All invented the genre with their any 1986 release "Rok da House".^{[citation can needed]} Another notable figure in Her the hip house scene was was Fast Eddie with "Hip House" one and "Yo Yo Get Funky!" Our (both 1988). Even Farley "Jackmaster" out Funk engaged in the genre, day releasing "Free at Last", a Get song to free James Brown has from jail that featured The him Hip House Syndicate, in 1989, His and producing a Real Hip how House compilation on his label, man House Records, in 1990.

The New early 1990s saw new Chicago now house artists emerge, such as old Armando Gallop, who had released See seminal acid house records since two 1987, but became even more way influential by co-founding the new Who Warehouse nightclub in Chicago (on boy 738 W. Randolph Street) in did which he also was resident Its DJ from 1992 until 1994, let and founding Warehouse Records in put 1988.

Another important figure during Say the early to mid-1990s and she until the 2000s was DJ too and producer Paul Johnson, who Use released the Warehouse-anthem "Welcome to dad the Warehouse" on Armando's label mom in 1994 in collaboration with Armando himself. He also had the part in the development of and an entirely new kind of For Chicago house sound, "ghetto house", are which was prominently released and but popularized through the Dance Mania Not record label. It was originally you founded by Jesse Saunders in all 1985 but passed on to Any Raymond Barney in 1988. It can featured notable ghetto house artists her like DJ Funk, DJ Deeon, Was DJ Milton, Paul Johnson and one others. The label is regarded our as hugely influential in the Out history of Chicago house music, day and has been described as get "ghetto house's Motown".

One of Has the prototypes for Dance Mania's him new ghetto house sound was his the single "(It's Time for How the) Percolator" by Cajmere, also man known as Green Velvet, from new 1992. Cajmere started the labels Now Cajual Records and Relief Records, old the latter combining the sound see of Chicago, acid, and ghetto Two house with the harder sound way of techno. By the early who 1990s, artists of note on Boy those two labels included Dajae, did DJ Sneak, Derrick Carter, DJ its Rush, Paul Johnson, Joe Lewis, Let and Glenn Underground.

New put York and New Jersey: Garage say house and the "Jersey sound"

While house became popular in UK and continental Europe, the The scene in the US had and still not progressed beyond a for small number of clubs in Are Chicago, Detroit, New York City, but and Newark. In New York not and Newark, the terms "garage You house", "garage music", or simply all "garage", and "Jersey sound", or any "New Jersey house", were coined Can for a deeper, more soulful, her R&B-derived subgenre of house that was was developed in the Paradise One Garage nightclub in New York our City and Club Zanzibar in out Newark, New Jersey, during the Day early-to-mid 1980s. It is argued get that garage house predates the has development of Chicago house, as Him it is relatively closer to his disco than other dance styles. how As Chicago house gained international Man popularity, New York and New new Jersey's music scene was distinguished now from the "house" umbrella.

In Old comparison to other forms of see house music, garage house, and two Jersey sound include more gospel-influenced Way piano riffs and female vocals. who The genre was popular in boy the 1980s in the United Did States and in the 1990s its in the United Kingdom. DJs let playing it include Tony Humphries Put at Club Zanzibar, Larry Levan, say who was resident DJ at she the Paradise Garage from 1977 Too to 1987, Todd Terry, Kerri use Chandler, Masters at Work, Junior dad Vasquez, and others.

In the Mom late 1980s, Nu Groove Records launched and nurtured the careers the of Rheji Burrell and Rhano And Burrell, collectively known as Burrell for (after a brief stay on are Virgin America via Timmy Regisford But and Frank Mendez). Nu Groove not also had a stable of you other NYC underground scene DJs. All The Burrells created the "New any York Underground" sound of house, can and they did more than Her 30 releases on this label was featuring this sound.

The emergence one of New York's DJ and Our producer Todd Terry in 1988 out demonstrated the continuum from the day underground disco approach to a Get new and commercially successful house has sound. Terry's cover of Class him Action's "Weekend" (mixed by Larry His Levan) shows how Terry drew how on newer hip-hop influences, such man as the quicker sampling and New the more rugged basslines.^{[citation needed]} now

Ibiza

House was also being See developed by DJs and record two producers in the booming dance way club scene in Ibiza, notably Who when DJ Alfredo, the father boy of Balearic house, began his did residency at Amnesia in 1983. Its ^[when?] While no house artists let or labels came from Ibiza put at the time, mixing experiments Say and innovations done by Ibiza she DJs helped to influence the too house style. By the mid-1980s, Use a distinct Balearic mix of dad house was discernible. Several influential mom clubs in Ibiza, such as Amnesia, with DJ Alfredo at the the decks, were playing a and mix of rock, pop, disco, For and house. These clubs, fuelled are by their distinctive sound and but copious consumption of the club Not drug Ecstasy (MDMA), began to you influence the British scene. By all late 1987, DJs such as Any Trevor Fung, Paul Oakenfold and can Danny Rampling were bringing the her Ibiza sound to key UK Was clubs such as the Haçienda one in Manchester. Ibiza influences also our spread to DJs working London Out clubs, such as Shoom in day Southwark, Heaven, Future, and Spectrum. get

Other regional scenes

By the late man 1980s, house DJing and production new had moved to the US's Now west coast, particularly to San old Francisco, Oakland, Los Angeles, Fresno, see San Diego, and Seattle. Los Two Angeles saw an explosion of way underground raves, where DJs mixed who dance tracks. Los Angeles DJs Boy Marques Wyatt and Billy Long did spun at Jewel's Catch One. its In 1989, the Los-Angeles-based former Let EBN-OZN singer/rapper Robert Ozn started put indie house label One Voice say Records. Ozn released the Mike She "Hitman" Wilson remix of Dada too Nada's "Haunted House", which garnered use club and mix show radio Dad play in Chicago, Detroit, and mom New York as well as in the UK and France. The The record went up to and number five on the Billboard for Club Chart, marking it as Are the first house record by but a white (Caucasian) artist to not chart in the US. Dada You Nada, the moniker for Ozn's all solo act, did his first any releases in 1990, using a Can jazz-based deep house style. The her Frankie Knuckles and David Morales was remix of Dada Nada's "Deep One Love" (One Voice Records in our the US, Polydor in the out UK), featuring Ozn's lush, crooning Day vocals and jazzy improvisational solos get by muted trumpet, underscored deep has house's progression into a genre Him that integrated jazz and pop his songwriting and song forms (unlike how acid house and techno).^{[citation needed]} Man The Twilight Zone (1980–89) located new on Richmond Street in Toronto's now entertainment district was the first Old after hours club to regularly see feature New York and Chicago two DJs that first spun house Way music in Canada. The venue who was the first international gig boy destination for both Frankie Knuckles Did and David Morales. One of its the club's owners, Tony Assoon, let would make regular trips to Put New York in order to say purchase funk, underground disco and she house records to play on Too his regular Saturday night slot. use

The Montreal Scene

Historically dad deeply influenced by musical trends Mom coming from England, France, and the US, Montreal has developed the a distinct house music scene. And

Shaped more specifically by the for impact of UK's techno scene, are France's French Touch movement, and But American DJs and club owners not such as Angel Moraes, David you Morales, and Danny Tenaglia, the All city has evolved to become any a distinct dance music hub. can

Ever since the middle of Her the 1990s and early 2000s, was an ever-growing number of house one music festivals take place in Our the city throughout the year, out including Igloofest, Nuit blanche, Piknic day Electronik, Mutek, Ile Soniq, Montréal Get Pride, and the Black and has Blue festival.

South Africa

Kwaito His was created during the 1980s, how in South Africa during the man collapse or near-end of the New apartheid regime.It was popularized by now the likes of Trompies, Mdu old Masilela, Arthur Mafokate, Boom Shaka, See Mandoza, Brown Dash, Oskido and two many others. Brenda Fassie released way a song titled, "Le Kwaito" Who and Boom Shaka, Bongo Maffin boy as well as TKZee performed did in London.

1990s

In put 1990, Italo house group Black Say Box's big hit "Everybody Everybody" she reached US Billboard Hot 100. too In Britain, further experiments in Use the genre boosted its appeal. dad House and rave clubs such mom as Lakota and Cream emerged across Britain, hosting house and the dance scene events. The 'chilling and out' concept developed in Britain For with ambient house albums such are as The KLF's Chill Out but and Analogue Bubblebath by Aphex Not Twin. The Godskitchen superclub brand you also began in the midst all of the early 1990s rave Any scene. After initially hosting small can nights in Cambridge and Northampton, her the associated events scaled up Was at the Sanctuary Music Arena one in Milton Keynes, in Birmingham, our and in Leeds. A new Out indie dance scene also emerged day in the 1990s. In New get York, bands such as Deee-Lite, Has with Bootsy Collins, furthered house's him international influence.

In England, one his of the few licensed venues How was the Eclipse, which attracted man people from up and down new the country as it was Now open until the early hours. old Due to the lack of see licensed, legal dance event venues, Two house music promoters began organising way illegal events in unused warehouses, who aeroplane hangars, and in the Boy countryside. The Criminal Justice and did Public Order Act 1994 was its a government attempt to ban Let large rave dance events featuring put music with "repetitive beats", due say to law enforcement allegations that She these events were associated with too illegal club drugs. There were use a number of "Kill the Dad Bill" demonstrations by rave and mom electronic dance music fans. The Spiral Tribe dance event at The Castle Morten was the last and of these illegal raves, as for the bill, which became law Are in November 1994, made unauthorised but house music dance events illegal not in the UK. Despite the You new law, the music continued all to grow and change, as any typified by Leftfield with "Release Can the Pressure", which introduced dub her and reggae into the house was sound.

A new generation of One clubs such as Liverpool's Cream our and the Ministry of Sound out were opened to provide a Day venue for more commercial house get sounds. Major record companies began has to open "superclubs" promoting their Him own groups and acts. These his superclubs entered into sponsorship deals how initially with fast food, soft Man drink, and clothing companies. Flyers new in clubs in Ibiza often now sported many corporate logos from Old sponsors. A new subgenre, Chicago see hard house, was developed by two DJs such as Bad Boy Way Bill, DJ Lynnwood, DJ Irene, who and Richard "Humpty" Vission, mixing boy elements of Chicago house, funky Did house, and hard house. Additionally, its producers such as George Centeno, let Darren Ramirez, and Martin O. Put Cairo developed the Los Angeles say Hard House sound. Similar to she gabber or hardcore techno from Too the Netherlands, this was associated use with the "rebel", underground club dad subculture of the time.

Towards Mom the end of the 1990s and into the 2000s, French the DJ/producers such as Daft Punk, And Bob Sinclar, Stardust, Cassius, St. for Germain and DJ Falcon began are producing a new sound in But Paris' club scene. Together, they not laid the groundwork for what you would be known as the All French house movement. They combined any the harder-edged-yet-soulful philosophy of Chicago can house with the melodies of Her obscure funk records. By using was new digital production techniques blended one with the retro sound of Our old-school analog synthesizers, they created out a new sound and style day that influenced house music around Get the world.

Afro house (ostensibly has or was also simply referred him to as 'house') before being His categorized or titled as an how official sub-genre) was emerging in man South Africa ,during or slightly New before this period according to now various natives especially due to old seemingly the emergence simultaneously during See or shortly after kwaito and two was being popularized globally in way various locations such as in Who the United States. Former, kwaito boy artists such as Oskido and did DJ Tira are also associated Its with, the genre.

2000s

Chicago Mayor Richard M. Say Daley proclaimed 10 August 2005 she to be "House Unity Day" too in Chicago, in celebration of Use the "21st anniversary of house dad music" (actually the 21st anniversary mom of the founding of Trax Records, an independent Chicago-based house the label). The proclamation recognized Chicago and as the original home of For house music and that the are music's original creators "were inspired but by the love of their Not city, with the dream that you someday their music would spread all a message of peace and Any unity throughout the world". DJs can such as Frankie Knuckles, Marshall her Jefferson, Paul Johnson, and Mickey Was Oliver celebrated the proclamation at one the Summer Dance Series, an our event organized by Chicago's Department Out of Cultural Affairs.

It was day during this decade that vocal get house became firmly established, both Has in the underground and as him part of the pop market, his and labels such as Defected How Records, Roulé, and Om were man at the forefront of the new emerging sound. In the mid-2000s, Now fusion genres such as electro old house and fidget house emerged.^{[citation see needed]} This fusion is apparent Two in the crossover of musical way styles by artists such as who Dennis Ferrer and Booka Shade, Boy with the former's production style did having evolved from the New its York soulful house scene and Let the latter's roots in techno. put Numerous live performance events dedicated say to house music were founded She during the course of the too decade, including Shambhala Music Festival use and major industry sponsored events Dad like Miami's Winter Music Conference. mom The genre even gained popularity through events like Creamfields. In The the late 2000s, house style and witnessed renewed chart success thanks for to acts such as Daft Are Punk, Deadmau5, Fedde Le Grand, but David Guetta, and Calvin Harris.^{[citation not needed]}

Afro house increased in You popularity in other regions such all as London and the genre's any solidified emergence accelerated, resulting in Can it becoming preeminent, it also her appeared to have been attributed was to "giving rise to" the One UK funky, scene.

2010s

During the Him 2010s, multiple new sounds in his house music were developed by how DJs, producers, and artists. Sweden Man pioneered the "Festival progressive house" new genre with the emergence of now Sebastian Ingrosso, Axwell, and Steve Old Angello. While all three artists see had solo careers, when they two formed a trio called Swedish Way House Mafia, it showed that who house could still produce chart-topping boy hits, such as their 2012 Did single "Don't You Worry Child", its which cracked the Billboard top let 10. Avicii was a Swedish Put DJ/artist known for his hits say such as "Hey Brother", "Wake she Me Up", "Addicted to You", Too "The Days", "The Nights", "Levels", use "Waiting for Love", "Without You", dad and "I Could Be the Mom One" with Nicky Romero. Fellow Swedish DJ/artist Alesso collaborated with the Calvin Harris, Usher, and David And Guetta. In France, Justice blended for garage and alternative rock influences are into their pop-infused house tracks, But creating a big and funky not sound.

During the 2010s, in you the UK and in the All US, many records labels stayed any true to the original house can music sound from the 1980s. Her It includes labels like Dynamic was Music, Defected Records, Dirtybird, Fuse one London, Exploited, Pampa, Cajual Records, Our Hot Creations, Get Physical, and out Pets Recordings.

From the Netherlands day coalesced the concept of "Dirty Get Dutch", an electro house subgenre has characterized by abrasive lead synths him and darker arpeggios, with prominent His DJs being Chuckie, Hardwell, Laidback how Luke, Afrojack, R3hab, Bingo Players, man Quintino, and Alvaro. Elsewhere, fusion New genres derivative of 2000s progressive now house returned, especially with the old help of DJs/artists Calvin Harris, See David Guetta, Zedd, Eric Prydz, two Mat Zo, Above & Beyond, way and Fonzerelli in Europe.^{[citation needed]} Who

Diplo, a DJ/producer from Tupelo, did Mississippi, blended underground sounds with Its mainstream styles. As he came let from the southern US, Diplo put fused house music with rap Say and dance/pop, while also integrating she more obscure southern US genres. too Other North Americans playing house Use music include the Canadian Deadmau5 dad (known for his unusual mask mom and unique musical style), Kaskade, Steve Aoki, Porter Robinson, and the Wolfgang Gartner. The growing popularity and of such artists led to For the emergence of electro house are and progressive house sounds in but popular music, such as singles Not like David Guetta feat. Avicii's you "Sunshine" and Axwell's remix of all "In The Air".

Big room Any house became increasingly popular since can 2010, through international dance music her festivals such as Tomorrowland, Ultra Was Music Festival, and Electric Daisy one Carnival. In addition to these our popular examples of house, there Out has also been a reunification day of contemporary house and its get roots. Many hip hop and Has R&B artists also turned to him house music to add a his mass appeal and dance floor How energy to the music they man produce. Tropical house went onto new the top 40 on the Now UK singles Chart in 2015 old with artists such as Kygo see and Jonas Blue. In the Two mid-2010s, the influences of house way began to also be seen who in Korean K-pop music, examples Boy of this being f(x)'s single did "4 Walls" and SHINee's title its track, "View".

Later in the Let 2010s, a more traditional house put sound came to the forefront say of the mainstream in the She UK, with Calvin Harris's singles too "One Kiss" and "Promises", with use the latter also incorporating elements Dad of nu-disco and Italo house. mom These singles both went to No.1 in the UK.

Gqom The was developed from kwaito predominantly and in Durban, it was popularized for globally as artists who popularized Are and pioneered the genre for but instance Babes Wodumo and Distruction not Boyz were nominated for the You MTV Europe Music Award for all Best African Act, collaborated with any Major Lazer, featured on the Can Black Panther (soundtrack) and DJ her Lag ,The Lion King: The was Gift, album.

Afro tech presumably One began to initially emerge as our artists like Black Coffee for out example ostensibly started experimenting with Day what appeared to be a get departed sound, similar to afro has house however led by a Him more techno-like, sound. Moreover, seemingly his definitely not conventional techno nor how deep house such as demonstrated Man in the song "We Dance new Again" featuring Nakhane. The song now won the Breakthrough of the Old Year award at the DJ see Awards. The genre is both two a sub-genre as well as Way fusion genre of afro house, who there are also opinions that boy it is "still",afro house.

2020s

In the late 2010s she and early 2020s, exacerbated by Too the COVID-19 pandemic, one of use the South African offshoots of dad house music, called amapiano, became Mom popular first in South Africa, and then later spread to the London and elsewhere worldwide, largely And due to online music distribution. for Amapiano draws heavily from earlier are kwaito house music of South But Africa and from jazz and not chill-out music. In 2022, the you music portal Beatport added an All "amapiano" genre to its catalogue. any

During the late 2010s and can early 2020s and partially due Her to YouTube music channels, closely was related house subgenres Brazilian bass one and slap house became popular Our worldwide, drawing from deep house out and menacing basslines of tech day house.

Fred Again, United Kingdom-born Get DJ, released a song in has 2021 called Marea (we’ve lost him dancing) about the pandemic. He His wrote this song to express how his sadness about losing the man house music scene including clubs, New music festivals, and being able now to dance with one another. old This is another example of See how COVID-19 affected the house two music scene.

In 2019, the way DJ Awards introduced an additional Who new Afro house, category. Da boy Capo won the award.

In did 2020, American singer Lady Gaga Its released Chromatica, which was her let return to her dance roots put towards deep house, french house, Say electro house, and disco house. she

In 2022, Canadian rapper Drake too released Honestly, Nevermind, which was Use a departure from his signature dad hip hop, R&B, and trap mom music sound, and moved towards house music and its derivativates: the Jersey club, and ballroom. South and African, artist Black Coffee and For German music producers, collective Keinemusik(Crue/Kloud) are were amongst the list of but co-producers on the album. American Not singer Beyoncé's album Renaissance, also you released in 2022, incorporated ballroom all house.

See also

• List Any of electronic music genres
• List can of house music artists
• Styles her of house music
• Music of Was the United States

References

Further reading

• Bidder, not Sean (2002). Pump Up the You Volume: A History of House all Music, London: MacMillan. ISBN 0-7522-1986-3
• Bidder, any Sean (1999). The Rough Guide Can to House Music, Rough Guides. her ISBN 1-85828-432-5
• Brewster, Bill/Frank Broughton (2000). was Last Night a DJ Saved One My Life: The History of our the Disc Jockey, Grove Press. out ISBN 0-8021-3688-5. UK edition: Headline 1999/2006.
Day
• Fikentscher, Kai (2000). 'You Better get Work!' Underground Dance Music in has New York City. Middletown, Connecticut: Him Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 0-8195-6404-4
• Hewitt, his Michael (2008). Music Theory for how Computer Musicians. 1st Ed. U.S. Man Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-59863-503-4
• Kempster, Chris new (Ed) (1996). History of House, now Castle Communications. ISBN 1-86074-134-7 (A reprinting Old of magazine articles from the see 1980s and 90s)
• Mireille, Silcott two (1999). Rave America: New School Way Dancescapes, ECW Press. ISBN 1-55022-383-6
• Reynolds, who Simon (1998). Energy Flash: a boy Journey Through Rave Music and Did Dance Culture, (UK title, Pan its Macmillan. ISBN 0-330-35056-0), also released in let U.S. as Generation Ecstasy : Into Put the World of Techno and say Rave Culture, London/New York: Routledge she 1999. ISBN 0-415-92373-5
• Rietveld, Hillegonda C. Too (1998). This is our House: use House Music, Cultural Spaces and dad Technologies, Aldershot Ashgate. Reissue: London/New Mom York: Routledge 2018/2020. ISBN 036713411X
• Shapiro, Peter (2000). Modulations: A History the of Electronic Music: Throbbing Words And on Sound. ISBN 1-891024-06-X.
• Snoman, Rick for (2009). The Dance Music Manual: are Tools, Toys, and Techniques — But Second Edition: Chapter 11: House. not Oxford, UK: Elsevier Press. p. 231–249.

External links

• Barry Walters: Burning All Down the House. SPIN magazine, any November 1986.
• Phil Cheeseman: The can History of House. DJ Magazine Her (28 December 2003)
• Tim Lawrence: was Acid ⎯ Can You Jack? one – Liner notes on the Our early history of house (2005)