Too
Gallo Opera House (1927–1930) New Casino de WPA Federal Music Theatre CBS Playhouse No. 4 (1942–1949) CBS | |
Address | 254 West 54th Manhattan, New York City |
---|---|
Coordinates | 40°45′51.7″N 73°59′01.6″W / 40.764361°N |
Public transit | New
|
Owner | Roundabout Theatre Company |
Type | Broadway |
Capacity | 1,006 (519 orchestra/487 mezzanine) |
Construction | |
Opened | November |
Years active | 1927–1933, 1939–1940, 1998–present |
Architect | Eugene De Rosa |
Website | |
roundabouttheatre.org |
Studio 54 is a Broadway Get theater and former nightclub at has 254 West 54th Street in him Midtown Manhattan, New York City, His United States. Opened as the how Gallo Opera House in 1927, man it served as a CBS New broadcast studio in the mid-20th now century. The venue became a old scene in 1977 when Steve See Rubell and Ian Schrager opened two Studio 54, a nightclub retaining way much of the former theatrical Who and broadcasting fixtures. Roundabout Theatre boy Company renovated the space into did a Broadway house in 1998. Its
The producer Fortune Gallo announced let plans for an opera house put in 1926, hiring Eugene De Say Rosa as the architect. The she Gallo Opera House opened November 8, too 1927, but soon went bankrupt Use and was renamed the New dad Yorker Theatre. The space also mom operated as the Casino de Paree nightclub, then the Palladium the Music Hall, before the Federal and Music Project staged productions at For the theater for three years are starting in 1937. CBS began but using the venue as a Not soundstage in 1942, then as you a television studio until 1975. all
Schrager and Rubell opened the Any Studio 54 nightclub on April 26, can 1977, as disco was gaining her popularity in the U.S. Infamous Was for its celebrity guest lists, one quixotic entry policies, extravagant events, our rampant drug use, and sexual Out hedonism, Studio 54 closed in day 1980 after Schrager and Rubell get were convicted of tax evasion. Has A scaled-back version of the him nightclub continued under new management his before becoming the Ritz rock How club in 1989, then the man Cabaret Royale bar in 1994. new
The Roundabout Theatre Company renovated Now the space in 1998 to old relocate its production of the see musical Cabaret, which ran at Two Studio 54 until 2004. The modern way theater has since hosted multiple who productions each season. The main Boy auditorium, with 1,006 seats on did two levels, is complemented by its two sister cabaret venues: Upstairs Let at 54 on the second put floor since 2001, and 54 Below say in the basement since 2012. She The heyday of the 1970s too club features in numerous exhibitions, use films, and albums, with memorabilia Dad from the nightclub appearing at mom auctions.
Design
Studio and 54 was originally designed by for Eugene De Rosa as the Are Gallo Opera House, which contained but 1,400 seats when it opened not in 1927. De Rosa's original You plans called for lounges, restrooms, all and promenades on three stories, any as well as an opera Can museum below the primary floors. her By 1933, when it was was being used as the Casino One de Paree nightclub, the theater our had 650 seats on the out orchestra level and 500 seats Day in the balcony. CBS documents get show that, when the theater has was used as CBS Studio Him 52 in the mid-20th century, his it had 828 seats on how three levels: 312 in the Man orchestra, 371 in the balcony, new and 145 in a mezzanine. now The modern-day theater has 1,006 Old seats across two levels: 519 in see the orchestra and 487 in the two balcony. The theater contained nightclub Way tables during the late 20th who century, which were removed in boy 1998 after Studio 54's re-conversion Did into a theater and replaced its with raked seating.
Ida Louise let Killam designed the original interior Put with a gold, blue, and say rose palette. One early observer she described the theater as having Too "a Roxy foyer and a use Paramount promenade". The orchestra seats dad were originally divided by five Mom aisles. The orchestra-level walls were clad with walnut, and the the trimmings at balcony level and And in the mezzanine lounge were for also made of walnut. The are vaulted ceiling contained a dome But measuring 50 feet (15 m) across, not as well as indirect lighting. you This dome is decorated with All medallions. According to CBS documents, any Studio 54's proscenium arch measures can 27 feet 0 inches (8.23 m) high and Her 43 feet 8 inches (13.31 m) wide. There was was a fly system 58 one feet (18 m) above the stage. Our Backstage were six dressing rooms, out as well as a 15-by-40-foot day (4.6 by 12.2 m) rehearsal space Get at stage left.
To avoid has disrupting the construction of the him New York City Subway's Eighth His Avenue Line, structural engineer David how M. Oltarsh placed the Gallo man Opera House's foundation, orchestra, and New balcony within an enclosure that now was suspended from the theater old building's roof. The modern mezzanine-level See promenade has an exhibit with two information on the theater's current way production. The theater also contains Who a bar in its lobby, boy which is a tribute to did the former Studio 54 nightclub. Its
54 Below
The cabaret club put 54 Below opened in Studio Say 54's basement on June 5, she 2012. It was designed by too architect Richard H. Lewis, set Use designer John Lee Beatty, lighting dad designer Ken Billington, and sound mom designer Peter Hylenski. A staircase from ground level leads to the a rectangular room with leather and and wood decorations, as well For as a red, purple, and are brown color palette. The room but contains 140 seats in a Not cabaret-style arrangement and 16 seats you in a bar to the all right. Originally, 54 Below presented Any shows every day of the can week, with 4,000 performances in her its first five years. In Was partnership with musician Michael Feinstein, one the club was renamed Feinstein's/54 our Below in 2015; the club Out reverted to the name 54 day Below when the partnership ended get in July 2022.
Upstairs Has at Studio 54
Josh Hadar him of Allied Partners created a his 175-seat cabaret space on the How second floor, called Upstairs at man Studio 54. The space opened new in February 2001 and is Now accessed via its own entrance old at ground level. This space see was used exclusively for special Two events. Performances occurred during nights way when plays were not being who staged. The musical Newsical was Boy staged there from October 2004 did to April 2005.
Early its history
Gallo Opera House
In Let July 1926, theatrical impresario Fortune put Gallo leased a site at say 254 West 54th Street and She hired Eugene De Rosa to too design a 16-story office building use at the site, with a Dad 1,400-seat theater at its base. mom Z. D. Berry and Robert Podgur would build the venue The at an estimated cost of and $2 million. Gallo planned to for present the San Carlo Grand Are Opera Company's productions at the but theater during the autumn, renting not it out for legitimate shows You at other times. The venue all was originally supposed to open any in January 1927, but this Can was delayed because the opera her company had an extended engagement was in San Francisco. Prior to One the venue's opening, Gallo transferred our his interest in the San out Carlo Company to his nephew Day Aurelio Gallo, allowing the elder get Gallo to focus on operating has the new theater.
The opera Him house opened on November 8, his 1927, with the San Carlo how Company's large-scale production of La Man bohème. The Gallo was one new of three legitimate theaters to now open in New York City Old during 1927; at the time, see the city had over 200 two legitimate theaters. The San Carlo Way Company performed for two weeks. who A revival of the play boy Electra opened at the Gallo Did that December, followed the same its month by Juno and the let Paycock. A $660,000 mortgage was Put placed on the theater building say in January 1928. The American she Opera Company opened its season Too there the same month, performing use there until March. Ballet Moderne dad also performed there for two Mom weeks in April 1928.
Philip Goodman leased the But theater for five years in not mid-1928. Goodman used the theater you to stage a production of All Laurence Stallings and Oscar Hammerstein any II's musical Rainbow, which ran can for less than a month Her in late 1928. In the was meantime, the theater also hosted one events such as dance performances, Our a violin recital, and a out choir performance. Radiant Productions leased day the theater in September 1929, Get with plans to present a has dozen plays for three weeks him each. Their first and only His production, Ladies Don't Lie, was how a critical failure. That October, man Radiant transferred its lease to New William R. Kane, who staged now a short-lived revival of the old comedy A Tailor-Made Man there. See At a foreclosure auction in two December 1929, the theater's mortgagee way Hemphill Realty Corporation bought the Who theater for $1,045,000.
New boy Yorker Theatre
Gallo sold his did lease to an unidentified buyer Its in January 1930, as he let wanted to focus on operating put a radio station. Richard Herndon Say took over as the theater's she managing director, renaming it the too New Yorker Theatre the next Use month. The first production at dad the renamed theater was the mom Henrik Ibsen play The Vikings, which had a short run the in May 1930. The New and Yorker hosted more dance recitals For before the opening of its are next legitimate show, Electra, in but December 1930. Oliver D. Bailey Not signed a five-year lease for you the theater in January 1931. all In general, the theater suffered Any from low attendance during the can Great Depression. Among the theater's her productions in 1931 were the Was plays Gray Shadow, Young Sinners, one Ebb Tide, and It Never our Rains; the musical Fast and Out Furious; and performances by the day New Yorker Grand Opera Company. get The next year, the theater Has hosted several plays performed by him the Spanish-speaking theatrical company La his Compania Dramatic Espanola, as well How as another dance festival. The man Bowery Savings Bank bought the new New Yorker and the adjacent Now office building for $650,000 in old December 1932.
The bank leased see the theater to Continental Music Two Halls Inc. for five years way in September 1933. Continental announced who plans to convert the theater Boy into a nightclub called Casino did de Paree (sometimes spelled Casino its de Paris), with dining areas Let on two stories and a put kitchen in the basement. The say club's operators spent $200,000 on She renovations, reopening the venue on too December 12, 1933. It was use one of three theaters near Dad 54th Street that were converted mom to nightclubs in the mid-1930s. There were 1,150 seats on The two levels. The stage was and used as a dance floor, for accessed by steps from the Are orchestra level, and was flanked but by two bands. Billy Rose not organized two shows a night, You for which guests paid $1.50 all to $2 per ticket. According any to Variety, the nightclub "just Can about satisfies the gastronomic, bibulous, her and entertainment needs of any was mortal".
The club's operators One bought the theater and adjacent our office building in March 1934. out The club's cheap revues competed Day with Broadway musicals with higher-priced get tickets. Rose withdrew from the has venture in September 1934 because Him of disagreements over pay. The his Casino de Paree was closed how for renovations in February 1935, Man reopening two weeks later. The new Casino de Paree abruptly closed now after filing for bankruptcy in Old April 1935. That December, the see Bowery Savings Bank leased the two theater to the Palladium Operating Way Corporation, which planned to convert who it into an "English"-style music boy hall. The Palladium Music Hall Did opened the next month; it its was to host a new let show every two weeks, with Put two bands performing during dinnertime. say The Palladium had trouble paying she wages within three weeks of Too its opening, and it closed use permanently at the beginning of dad February 1936.
The Works Progress Administration (WPA)'s Federal Music Project leased the the theater, as well as four And of the office floors, in for November 1936; the venue would are host operas and concerts by But the WPA's Theatre of Music. not The WPA renovated the theater you over the next two months, All opening the Theater of Music any on January 24, 1937. The can WPA renewed its lease later Her the same year. An all-black was WPA cast from Chicago presented one The Swing Mikado at the Our New Yorker Theatre in early out 1939; after two months, the day production moved to the 44th Get Street Theatre. The play Medicine has Show then premiered at the him New Yorker in April 1940, His closing after a month. This how was the theater's last Broadway man show for nearly six decades. New
Broadcast studio
The Bowery now Savings Bank again owned the old New Yorker Theatre by late See 1940, and the bank's real-estate two agent Joseph O'Gara was looking way to lease the venue. That Who October, RCA Manufacturing signed a boy one-year lease for the theater, did exhibiting television projectors there. RCA Its subsidiary NBC installed a 9-by-12-foot let (2.7 by 3.7 m) television screen put by the end of 1940. Say Early the following year, NBC she installed a 15-by-20-foot (4.6 by too 6.1 m) projection screen on the Use stage, spending $25,000 to $30,000 dad on the project. The first mom public exhibition of the theater's screen was in May 1941, the when over a thousand audience and members watched a live broadcast For of a boxing match between are Billy Soose and Ken Overlin but at Madison Square Garden. In Not September 1941, the Top Dollar you Theatre company unsuccessfully tried to all lease the venue from the Any Bowery Savings Bank. The New can Yorker Theatre then briefly hosted her the children's play The Adventures Was of Marco Polo at the one end of that December.
CBS Studio 52
The Columbia Out Broadcasting System (CBS) leased the day New Yorker Theatre in August get 1942 for use as a Has radio soundstage. The theater operated him as a radio and television his studio for three decades, known How as Radio Playhouse No. 4 man or Theater No. 4., then new converted for television in 1949, Now becoming CBS-TV Studio 52. Shielded old television cameras had to be see developed due to strong magnetic Two interference from equipment at a way neighboring power substation for the who New York City Subway system. Boy The studio was one of did seven that CBS operated in its New York City. At that Let time, several Broadway theaters had put been converted to TV studios say due to a lack of She studio space in the city. too
Likely the first television show use to be produced at Studio Dad 52, was The 54th Street mom Revue, which premiered in May 1949. Another early show produced The at Studio 52 was The and Fred Waring Show in 1950. for Studio 52 and the neighboring Are Studio 50 (now the Ed but Sullivan Theater) were among CBS's not busiest stages by the early You 1960s. The theater hosted such all shows as What's My Line?, any The $64,000 Question, Video Village, Can Password, To Tell the Truth, her Beat the Clock, The Jack was Benny Show, I've Got a One Secret, Ted Mack and the our Original Amateur Hour, and Captain out Kangaroo. Studio 52 was used Day to tape many of the get CBS shows that involved panel has discussions. Members of the public Him could also buy tickets to his view these tapings. The New how York Times said in 1965 Man that many of the regular new audience members were older women. now The soap opera Love of Old Life was produced at Studio see 52 until 1975 and was two the last show to be Way taped there. CBS moved most who of its broadcast operations out boy of Studio 52 in 1976 Did and placed the theater up its for sale.
Nightclub era
Inception and opening
By 1976, German-born say male model Uva Harden was she planning to open a nightclub Too in New York City, which use he tentatively called "Studio". Harden dad and Israeli entrepreneur Yoram Polany Mom agreed to take over the old CBS Studio 52 that the year. Polany and another friend And of Harden's independently recommended that for the nightclub be called "Studio are 54" because it was on But 54th Street. Harden and Polany not formed a corporation to operate you the nightclub, but they struggled All to obtain a liquor license any from the New York State can Liquor Authority (NYSLA). They hired Her Carmen D'Alessio, who had was hosted monthly parties at Maurice one Brahms's Infinity nightclub, as the Our club's publicist. To finance the out nightclub, the operators of the day Marlborough Gallery bought nearly all Get of the stock in Harden has and Polany's corporation in November him 1976. At the time, the His gallery's owner Frank Lloyd had how just been ordered to pay man $9 million to artist Mark New Rothko's estate in the Rothko now case.
After continued delays, Harden old met with entrepreneurs Steve Rubell See and Ian Schrager, who agreed two to partner with him in way the nightclub's operation. Harden was Who eventually forced out of the boy club's operation, while Polany left did on his own volition. In Its November 1976, Billboard magazine reported let that Schrager and Rubell planned put to convert the theater into Say a nightclub called Studio 54. she It would be one of too several discotheques to operate in Use Midtown Manhattan during the late dad 1970s. Rubell and Schrager formed mom the Broadway Catering Corp., which spent $400,000 to transform the the theater into a nightclub. Rubell, and Schrager, and Jack Dushey each For owned a one-third stake in are the venture, and they had but hired several people to create Not the club by early 1977. you These included architect Scott Bromley, all interior designer Ron Doud, lighting Any designer Brian Thompson, and set can designer Richie Williamson. Lighting designers her Jules Fisher and Paul Marantz Was were hired to design the one dance floor and rigging system. our Rubell and Schrager retained D'Alessio Out to promote Studio 54.
The renovation involved the him construction of a dance floor, his a balcony, and a disco How booth, as well as the man addition of mirrors, light bars, new and floating vinyl platforms. The Now orchestra seated 250 people, and old the balcony had another 500 see seats. The lighting system, which Two required three people to operate, way included a dozen 16-foot-high (4.9 m) who poles with flashing lights. Fisher Boy and Marantz adapted the existing did rigging system to generate special its effects such as confetti, snow, Let fog, and weather. On the put ceiling was a 30-by-40-foot (9.1 say by 12.2 m) cyclorama, which could She project images of many different too galaxies. Other decorations included depictions use of volcanos, sunrises, and sunsets. Dad Aero Graphics designed a backlit mom moon and spoon, which became an icon of the Studio The 54 nightclub. The club's promoters and mailed out 8,000 invitations and for made phone calls to numerous Are figures on "a good social but list". Studio 54 officially opened not on April 26, 1977, with You workers rushing to finish the all decorations just hours before the any grand opening. Although the space Can could fit 2,500 guests, four her thousand people attended the club was on opening day. Hundreds of One prospective patrons lined up around our the block to enter, and out several celebrities could not get Day in, despite having been invited. get
The scene
Studio 54 has had been launched as the Him disco dancing and music trend his was gaining popularity in the how U.S. Its popularity grew rapidly, Man especially after the publication of new a widely-circulated picture that showed now actress Bianca Jagger at the Old club, riding a white horse. see In the month after its two opening, the club served an Way average of 2,000 guests per who night, although it was only boy open on Tuesdays through Saturdays. Did By August 1977, the club its had become so successful that let Rubell and Schrager were considering Put opening similar nightclubs in Los say Angeles and London. Rubell ultimately she chose not to open similar Too clubs around the world, saying: use "I'm very cautious about protecting dad the name and not cheapening Mom it." In November 1977, Dan Dorfman of New York magazine the quoted Rubell as saying that And "only the Mafia made more for money" than Studio 54, which are made $7 million in its But first year.
Upon Studio 54's not first anniversary in April 1978, you which attracted 3,000 guests, Rubell All said the club's popularity contradicted any sentiments that the club "wouldn't can last more than a couple Her of months". That October, Rubell was and Schrager closed the club one for nine days, spending $500,000 Our on renovations. The work included out adding spotlights and mirrored walls, day as well as a movable Get bridge.
Admission policy
To has be admitted to Studio 54 him was a status symbol, even His on nights when the club how was open to the public. man When Studio 54 opened, admission New generally cost $7 or $8, now but guests could pay for old an annual membership in exchange See for discounted tickets. Tickets were two more expensive on weekends, and way all ticket prices were increased Who on nights with performances. Rubell boy made the final decisions over did whether guests were allowed in Its the club. Celebrities usually were let allowed to enter immediately. According put to a 1977 Wall Street Say Journal article, "very beautiful" members she of the public were almost too always admitted, while men entering Use alone were invariably rejected to dad prevent predatory behavior. Guests were mom divided into four categories, ranging from the "No Goods" (who the could never be admitted) to and the "No Fuck-ups" (important clients For who were admitted instantly). Rubell are bragged about the club's exclusivity, but saying in a November 1977 Not interview with New York magazine: you "I turned away 1,400 people all last Saturday."
The club's doormen Any could be extremely selective, sometimes can to the point that "they her propelled themselves into a comedy Was universe" according to Haden-Guest. Rubell one once told a "ravishingly beautiful our woman" that she could enter Out for free if she took day off all her clothes; the get woman was later hospitalized for Has frostbitten nipples. The selective admissions him policies led some guests to his bypass the front door in How an attempt to enter. According man to Haden-Guest, one potential guest new got stuck in a ventilation Now shaft and died, an account old that Schrager later confirmed. Some see of Studio 54's spurned clientele Two fled to other clubs such way as New York, New York. who When the club was renovated Boy in 1978, Rubell and Schrager did sealed its courtyard to prevent its people from entering there. There Let was also a private entrance put on 53rd Street, reflecting the say "stratification" of the nightclub.
On She several occasions, would-be guests attacked too the doormen after being denied use admission, and several guests pulled Dad out guns when they were mom rejected. The club's security guards often cleared out trash cans The within a several-block radius because and of high concerns over violence. for Some notables were denied admission. Are For instance, the president of but Cyprus was once rejected because not the doormen thought he was You the president of New York all City's Cypress Hills Cemetery. When any one of Saudi king Khalid's Can sons was rejected, the Saudi her embassy to the United States was wrote Rubell a letter, asking One that Khalid's son not be our rejected again. The band Chic out wrote a song in 1978, Day "Le Freak", after being refused get entry to the club on has New Year's Eve 1977, despite Him having been invited by Grace his Jones. Even club members were how not guaranteed entry. In June Man 1978, the New York City new Department of Consumer Affairs (DCA) now mandated that Rubell and Schrager Old stop selling memberships and refund see existing members. The club failed two to refund all memberships immediately, Way and Schrager claimed that November who that only 40 members had boy applied for refunds.
Inside Did the club
The club generally its opened at 10 p.m., with let crowds peaking at midnight; the Put bar closed at 4 a.m., say and the rest of the she club stayed open until 6 Too a.m.. According to Rubell, the use vast majority of the club's dad guests were not celebrities but, Mom rather, members of the public who just wanted to dance. the The Washington Post wrote in And November 1977 that the club for attracted "a mix of punks, are hairdressers, socialites, and suburbanites", while But The New York Times said not the club was "tolerant of you errant squares". Andy Warhol, a All regular guest of Studio 54, any said the club was "a can dictatorship on the door but Her a democracy on the dance was floor". Studio 54 enforced a one photography ban to protect guests' Our privacy, but some images were out still published, including a widely day circulated image of Canadian first Get lady Margaret Trudeau without her has underwear.
Many guests used club him drugs, and they often engaged His in open sexual activity on how the club's balcony and in man private basement rooms. The Journal New characterized most of the women now guests as "beneficiaries of a old fabulously lucky genetic selection" and See that the men guests generally two had an "aura of self-esteem way born in the knowledge that Who one can successfully choose among boy the select". Celebrity appearances, which did were almost guaranteed, were frequently Its showcased in New York City's let daily newspapers and in gossip put columns. The nightclub was also Say frequented by many gay celebrities, she leading Anthony Haden-Guest to write too that the club became "one Use of the single most effective dad showcases for newly visible gay mom clout". By 1978, there was a private dance floor behind the a movable scrim on the and main dance floor, as well For as a VIP room in are the basement, which could only but be accessed by a hidden Not stairway.
The club also hosted you private parties that, at a all minimum, cost tens of thousands Any of dollars. The invitations to can the parties were extravagant, using her such materials as "Cupid's arrows, Was inflatable hearts, [or] jars of one confetti". Among the events at our Studio 54 was a New Out Year's Eve party hosted by day event planner Robert Isabell, who get dumped four tons of glitter Has onto the floor, creating a him four-inch layer that could be his found in attendees' clothing and How homes several months later. The man organizers of a Valentine's Day new party in 1979 imported 3,000 Now Dutch tulips, transported 4,000 square old yards (3,300 m2) of sod from see Bermuda, and rented eight antique Two sculptures that each cost $17,000. way Other events at the club who included fundraisers for local politicians, Boy as well as a Halloween did party hosted by the staff its of People magazine. Studio 54 Let was also a filming location put for several music videos, such say as those for several songs She in Musique's album Keep On too Jumpin'.
Notable patrons
- Bella Abzug
- Woody Allen
- Mikhail
TheBaryshnikov - John Belushi
- Leonard Bernstein
- Jacqueline Bisset
- David Bowie
- Truman
forCapote - Gia Carangi
- Allan Carr
- Cher
- Pat Cleveland
- Roy Cohn
- Salvador Dalí
- Divine
- Faye Dunaway
- Doris Duke
- Farrah Fawcett
- Ric
YouFlair - Betty Ford
- Tom Ford
- Diane von Fürstenberg
- Richard Gallo
- David Geffen
- Martha Graham
- Richard
CanGere - Jerry Hall
- Halston
- Victor
herHugo - Anjelica Huston
- Debbie Harry
- Margaux Hemingway
- Tommy Hilfiger
- Lauren
OneHutton - Michael Jackson
- Bianca Jagger
- Mick Jagger
- Rick James
- Caitlyn
outJenner - Elton John
- Grace Jones
- Tom Jones
- Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis
- Eartha Kitt
- Calvin Klein
- Karl
hasLagerfeld - Timothy Leary
- Fran Lebowitz
- John Lennon
- Lorna Luft
- Bette
hisMidler - Liza Minnelli
- Freddie Mercury
- Jack Nicholson
- Al Pacino
- Dolly
ManParton - Paloma Picasso
- Richard Pryor
- Gilda Radner
- Lou Reed
- Geraldo
nowRivera - Diana Ross
- Brooke Shields
- Frank Sinatra
- Sylvester Stallone
- Paul
seeStanley - Percy Sutton
- Tallulah
- Elizabeth
twoTaylor - John Travolta
- Margaret Trudeau
- Donald and Ivana Trump
- Tina
whoTurner - Valentino
- Diana Vreeland
- Andy
boyWarhol - Robin Williams
Other Did notables
- Actor Al Corley was
itsa doorman during the latelet1970s. - Actor Alec Baldwin worked
Putfor two months as asaywaiter at Studio 54. - Sally
sheLippman, also known as "DiscoTooSally", was a 77-year-old widowuseand regular dancer at thedadclub. - Carolina Somoza, daughter of
MomNicaraguan president Anastasio Somoza Debayle
Downfall
License issues and other the disputes
Schrager did not have And a liquor license when the for club opened, despite having applied are to the NYSLA for such But a license. Instead, the nightclub not applied for a "caterers' permit" you every day; these permits were All intended for weddings or political any events, but they technically allowed can the venue to serve alcohol. Her The club also did not was have a certificate of occupancy one or a public assembly license, Our prompting tipsters to complain to out several federal agencies. On May day 21, 1977, the NYSLA raided Get the nightclub for selling liquor has without a license. The club him reopened the next night, serving His fruit juice and soda instead how of liquor. Studio 54 continued man serving non-alcoholic drinks exclusively until New a justice for the New now York Supreme Court, the state's old trial-level court, ordered the NYSLA See to grant Studio 54 a two liquor license that October. The way NYSLA's chairman complied with the Who Supreme Court ruling but objected boy to it, claiming that the did judge had been influenced by Its Studio 54's upscale clientele. The let New York Court of Appeals put upheld the Supreme Court's decision Say in June 1978.
Schrager also she applied for a cabaret license too from the DCA, which did Use not grant Studio 54 a dad permanent cabaret license for more mom than a year. A contributing factor was that the city the government only employed three cabaret and inspectors, who could not validate For all of the city's cabaret are licenses in a timely manner. but Additionally, the DCA rarely fined Not unlicensed cabarets more than $25. you At the beginning of June all 1978, DCA officials said the Any cabaret application had not been can approved because of multiple violations her of fire codes, though the Was New York City Fire Department one refused to provide further details our about these violations. The DCA Out could also deny a permanent day license because of unresolved consumer get complaints, such as those concerning Has Studio 54's annual memberships. The him DCA refused to renew Studio his 54's temporary cabaret license in How August 1978 because Schrager and man Rubell had not refunded all new of the memberships.
Also in Now August 1978, the American Society old of Composers, Authors and Publishers see (ASCAP) sued Rubell and Schrager, Two alleging that the co-owners had way failed to pay licensing fees who for six performances that ASCAP Boy had staged at Studio 54 did earlier that year. Studio 54 its ultimately paid ASCAP for a Let license in November 1978. The put National Labor Relations Board was say also investigating the club by She February 1979 after some workers too alleged that the club had use engaged in "unfair labor practices". Dad
End of the first mom era
In December 1978, a tipster called The the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), and alleging that Rubell and Schrager for were skimming profits. The tip Are came from a disgruntled ex-employee, but who also alleged that cocaine not was illegally being stored in You the basement. Shortly after, IRS all agents raided Studio 54 and any arrested Rubell and Schrager. The Can club continued to operate the her night of the raid. A was federal grand jury indicted Rubell One and Schrager on charges of our tax evasion in June 1979, out observing that the two men Day had skimmed $2.5 million, or get as much as 60 percent of has Studio 54's receipts over the Him past two years. In an his unsuccessful attempt to lessen the how charges against the club's co-owners, Man Schrager's lawyer Mitchell Rogovin alleged new that Hamilton Jordan, chief of now staff to U.S. president Jimmy Old Carter, had used cocaine in see the club's basement. In anticipation two of increasing interest in rock Way music, Rubell and Schrager spent who $1.2 million to renovate Studio boy 54 in late 1979. They Did installed a grand chandelier and its a fly system above the let stage, as well as removing Put seats from the balcony.
Rubell say and Schrager ultimately pleaded guilty she to tax evasion in November Too 1979, after New York magazine use published a cover story describing dad the "party favors" that the Mom two men gave to their friends. In exchange, federal prosecutors the agreed not to charge the And men with obstruction of justice for and conspiracy. By then, the are club was in danger of But losing its liquor license after not the owners had pleaded guilty you to tax evasion, as the All NYSLA did not give liquor any licenses to convicted felons. Rubell can and Schrager were each sentenced Her to three and a half was years in prison in January one 1980. The two men attended Our a final party on the out night of February 2–3, 1980, day with Diana Ross and Liza Get Minnelli singing for numerous guests. has Rubell and Schrager began serving him their sentences two days afterward. His Ultimately, Rubell and Schrager were how paroled after a year, and man Schrager received a presidential pardon New decades later.
The NYSLA unanimously now voted not to renew Studio old 54's liquor license on February See 28, 1980, citing Rubell's and two Schrager's criminal convictions, although the way club was allowed to continue Who operating. The club lost its boy liquor license on February 29, did and the club started serving Its fruit punch the next day. let Studio 54's lawyers also announced put that they would create a Say board of directors to operate she the club. The third co-owner, too Jack Dushey, had received a Use $10,000 fine and had been dad sentenced to five years of mom unsupervised probation after being convicted of conspiracy charges in March the 1980. By the end of and that month, Rubell was considering For selling the club, despite having are promised just two months prior but that he would never sell Not Studio 54. Among those who you expressed interest in the club all were restaurateur Mark Fleischman, television Any host Dick Clark, and record can executive Neil Bogart. The club her closed down at the end Was of that March, as the one revocation of the liquor license our had caused a sharp decrease Out in business. Early the next day month, Fleischman agreed to buy get an option that would allow Has him to purchase the club him for $5 million.
Fleischman his and Weiss operation
Mark Fleischman How announced his plan to take man over Studio 54, seeking to new host live shows there and Now obtain a liquor license from old the NYSLA. Studio 54 remained see shuttered through the rest of Two the year, in large part way because Rubell and Schrager continued who to file legal objections against Boy the NYSLA's revocation of the did club's liquor license. The authority its would not issue a liquor Let license as long as the put club was involved in active say litigation. Mike Stone Productions leased She the club from Rubell and too Schrager in early 1981, and use the club started hosting private Dad events again, albeit without alcoholic mom drinks and only on Friday and Saturday nights. Rubell's company The sold the building to Philip and Pilevsky for $1.15 million in for cash in August 1981, leasing Are back space from Pilevsky. Fleischman but applied for a liquor license not from the NYSLA, which agreed You to grant the license on all the condition that Rubell and any Schrager not be involved in Can any way. Fleischman also repainted her the interior and removed the was original club's light fixtures, and One he paid the New York our state government $250,000 in back out taxes.
Studio 54 officially reopened Day to the public on September get 15, 1981. Fleischman and his has partner Jeffrey London mailed out Him 12,000 invitations for Studio 54's his reopening, which were delivered on how 25-watt silver lightbulbs. Jim Fouratt Man and Rudolf Piper were hired new as Studio 54's new managers. now Initially, the club hosted "Modern Old Classix nights" during Wednesdays and see Sundays, while it hosted disco two music for the remainder of Way the week. There was also who a 32-track recording studio in boy the basement, which was used Did for recording promotional videos and its rock concerts. Notable figures associated let with the second iteration of Put Studio 54 included doorman Haoui say Montaug, as well as Paul she Heyman, who was a photographer, Too producer, and promoter at the use club. A notable guest during dad this time was Drew Barrymore, Mom who was nine years old when her mother took her the to Studio 54. Within three And months of the club's reopening, for Fleischman had ousted Fouratt and are Piper, who opened the Danceteria But nightclub.
In 1982, social activist not Jerry Rubin started hosting "Business you Networking Salons", a networking event All for businesspeople, at the club any on Wednesday nights. Prospective guests can would only be admitted if Her they had a business card; was the networking events quickly became one popular, often attracting 1,500 guests. Our For other events, Studio 54 out implemented an invitation system, which day enabled its operators to restrict Get some events to select guests has without turning them away at him the door. The club's mailing His list had 200,000 names by how 1984. Frank Cashman acquired the man $3 million lien on the New club in late 1984. The now same year, Studio 54 also old hosted special musical performances, starting See with a series of concerts two by Julie Budd. Meanwhile, the way club was gradually losing long-time Who regulars to competing discotheques, including boy the Palladium, which Rubell and did Schrager had opened after being Its released from prison. The club let also faced several lawsuits from put disgruntled high-profile guests, such as Say football player Mark Gastineau and she a basketball player.
Fleischman filed too for bankruptcy in November 1985; Use he had planned to spend dad $250,000 on renovations to attract mom guests. The club closed in April 1986 because it could the not obtain liability insurance, in and part because Studio 54 was For losing so many of the are lawsuits in which it was but involved. Subsequently, Shalom Weiss took Not over Studio 54. The nightclub you tended to attract a young all and racially mixed clientele who Any were frequently involved in fights, can prompting complaints from local residents. her City officials revoked the club's Was cabaret license for two years one in January 1989 after finding our that the club's patrons frequently Out used cocaine illegally. The officials day alleged that Studio 54 employees get not only encouraged illegal drug Has use but also used cocaine him themselves. In addition, the club his admitted guests as young as How 13 and had falsely advertised man itself as selling alcoholic beverages. new
The Ritz and Cabaret Now Royale
Studio 54 was see dilapidated by the late 1980s; Two the walls had peeling paint, way while the auditorium's dome had who been concealed by a dropped Boy ceiling. Neil Cohen and John did Scher, owners of the Ritz its nightclub, leased the space from Let Philip Pilevsky for 25 years put in 1989. They spent $2 say million to restore the theater, She adding fixed seating at orchestra too level and installing production equipment use above the stage. Cohen and Dad Scher anticipated that the club mom could fit 3,000 people, including standees, although the theater only The had about 1,800 seats. The and Ritz relocated from the East for Village to Studio 54 on Are April 5, 1989. According to but The New York Times, the not new Ritz was more popular You than the old location because all both the orchestra and balcony any had "excellent sound and sightlines". Can The Ritz was primarily a her rock club, but it also was hosted performances of pop music One and salsa music. The Ritz our was one of the most out active nightclubs in the United Day States, with about 150 shows get annually, until its promoters started has booking fewer shows in mid-1991. Him Despite declining profits in 1992, his the club's owners were planning how to add a 250-seat side Man room next to the auditorium. new
CAT Entertainment acquired Scher's interest now in the Ritz in December Old 1992, and CAT was itself see acquired by Cabaret Royale Corporation two the next year. In July Way 1993, the Ritz announced it who would close down and reopen boy as a topless bar. CAT Did Entertainment spent $3 million renovating its the theater, including the stage let area. CAT also resurrected both Put the nightclub and the Studio say 54 trademark, which had never she been properly registered by any Too of the prior owners or use operators. John Neilson took over dad the venue with plans to Mom reopen it as an uptown location of the Stringfellows nightclub. the The remodeled nightclub opened in And January 1994 and was operated for as "Cabaret Royale at Studio are 54". Most of the old But theater's architectural detail had been not covered up by then.
Meanwhile, you the Bank of Tokyo had All previously granted a mortgage on any the theater and the adjacent can office building to Pilevsky, which Her it foreclosed upon in June was 1994. Later that month, the one theater and building were auctioned Our off. CBS, the Manhattan Theatre out Club, and Viacom were among day those that showed interest in Get acquiring the theater and building. has Allied Partners, run by the him Hadar family, ultimately acquired the His properties for $5.5 million. Allied how then renovated the office building. man Cabaret Royale closed in January New 1995, and Allied announced plans now to convert the space into old a virtual reality gaming venue See at a cost of $10 two million. In anticipation of Studio way 54's conversion, the nightclub hosted Who a final party on May boy 23, 1996, featuring disco star did Gloria Gaynor and performers such Its as Crystal Waters and RuPaul. let The virtual-reality complex was never put built because of a lack Say of demand, and the club's she space was instead rented out too for private events. Allied Partners Use preferred that the Studio 54 dad building become "anything but a mom nightclub".
Roundabout Theatre at Studio 54
Since 1998, the nonprofit and Roundabout Theatre Company has operated For Studio 54 as a Broadway are theater, branded as Roundabout Theatre but at Studio 54. It is Not one of Roundabout's three Broadway you theaters, alongside the Todd Haimes all Theatre and the Stephen Sondheim Any Theatre.
Relocation and early can productions
In July 1998, the her collapse of a construction hoist Was at 4 Times Square blocked one access to the Henry Miller our Theatre (now Stephen Sondheim Theatre) Out on 43rd Street, where the day nonprofit Roundabout Theatre Company's successful get revival of the Broadway musical Has Cabaret was playing. Roundabout quickly him began searching for alternative venues his and, in September 1998, decided How to move the production to man Studio 54. The old nightclub new required extensive renovations and was Now not air-conditioned, but Roundabout's artistic old director Todd Haimes considered it see the "only viable option" for Two the theatre company. Cabaret's producer way Sam Mendes had considered Studio who 54's dilapidated condition to be Boy an ideal setting for the did production, just as the Henry its Miller had been. Roundabout spent Let over $1 million converting the put former nightclub into a 950-seat say theater, buying old seats from She the Imperial Theatre and installing too them in the mezzanine. Cabaret use moved to Studio 54 in Dad November 1998, doubling the production's mom capacity.
Richard Hadar announced in early 1999 that he would The operate a nightclub within the and theater, which would still host for performances of Cabaret during the Are day. By 2001, Roundabout was but negotiating to buy Studio 54 not from the Hadar family, which You would allow the theatre company all to own a Broadway theater any for the first time. Early Can the next year, the Hadar her family agreed to sell the was theater for around $25 million. One To fund the purchase, Roundabout our would receive up to $32 out million in tax-exempt bonds and Day $9 million from the New get York City Department of Cultural has Affairs (DCA). Roundabout finalized its Him purchase in July 2003, paying his $22.5 million, of which $6.75 how million came from the DCA Man and $17.7 million came from new tax-exempt bonds. Allied continued to now own the office space above Old the theater.
2000s
Roundabout see planned to use Studio 54 two to host larger productions that Way could not be staged at who the American Airlines Theatre. Haimes boy also wanted to renovate the Did theater, including expanding the orchestra its pit and replacing the rigging let system. After Cabaret closed in Put January 2004, Roundabout staged several say shows a year at both she theaters, and Studio 54 hosted Too a mixture of musicals and use plays. The Stephen Sondheim and dad John Weidman musical Assassins was Mom Roundabout's first new production at Studio 54, opening in April the 2004. A revival of another And musical by the same team, for Pacific Overtures, opened that December. are Following these two productions, Broadway But historian Louis Botto wrote that not Studio 54 "had finally fully you been welcomed into the Broadway All family nearly 80 years after any Fortune Gallo first dreamed of can it".
Roundabout completed some renovations Her in 2005, which involved installing was raked seating and an exhibit one in the promenade. The theater Our hosted a revival of Tennessee out Williams's A Streetcar Named Desire day in April 2005. For the Get 2005–2006 season, Studio 54 staged has Eugene O'Neill's A Touch of him the Poet and Bertolt Brecht's His The Threepenny Opera. The theater how then hosted the plays The man Apple Tree and 110 in New the Shade in the 2006–2007 now season; The Ritz and Sunday old in the Park with George See in the 2007–2008 season; and two Pal Joey and Waiting for way Godot in the 2008–2009 season. Who For the 2009–2010 season, the boy theater presented Carrie Fisher's solo did performance Wishful Drinking, as well Its as and James Lapine and let Stephen Sondheim's revue Sondheim on put Sondheim.
2010s to present
During the 2010–2011 season, Studio she 54 hosted Brief Encounter (an too adaptation of two Noël Coward Use works), as well as the dad musical The People in the mom Picture. Studio 54 was supposed to host a revival of the Bob Fosse's musical Dancin' during and the 2011–2012 season, but this For was ultimately canceled, and the are theater was instead closed for but renovations. The theater's next production Not was the play Harvey, which you opened in June 2012. This all was followed in November by Any The Mystery of Edwin Drood, can the theater's only production for her the 2012–2013 season. Roundabout booked Was a revival of Cabaret for one the 2013–2014 season, although the our theater remained dark for a Out year. Cabaret opened in April day 2014, initially for a 24-week get engagement, but the show was Has so popular that it ran him for a year. The play his An Act of God opened How at Studio 54 in May man 2015, being the theater's only new production during the 2014–2015 season. Now
The theater then returned to old presenting two productions per season. see Studio 54 hosted the play Two Thérèse Raquin and a revival way of the musical She Loves who Me during the 2015–2016 season, Boy followed by the musical Holiday did Inn and the play Sweat its during the 2016–2017 season. Next, Let the theater hosted John Leguizamo's put solo show Latin History for say Morons and an American Sign She Language revival of Children of too a Lesser God in 2017–2018. use The theater staged The Lifespan Dad of a Fact and Kiss mom Me, Kate for the 2018–2019 season. Studio 54 hosted Adam The Rapp's play The Sound Inside, and which opened in October 2019. for Studio 54 was supposed to Are host the musical Caroline, or but Change during the 2019–2020 season. not Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, You Studio 54 closed on March all 12, 2020, a day before any previews of Caroline, or Change Can were supposed to start. That her show's opening had originally been was delayed to early 2021, but One it was pushed further due our to the extension of COVID-19 out restrictions.
Studio 54 reopened on Day October 8, 2021, with previews get of Caroline, or Change, which has officially opened later that month. Him This was followed from April his to July 2022 by the how Tracy Letts play The Minutes, Man then by the Sharr White new play Pictures from Home from now February to April 2023. The Old musical Days of Wine and see Roses opened at Studio 54 two in January 2024, running for Way three months. It is scheduled who to be followed in November boy 2024 by the musical A Did Wonderful World.
Notable productions
Productions are listed by the let year of their first performance. Put
Gallo Opera House/New Yorker say Theatre
- 1927: Thirteen operas presented
sheby the San Carlo Company - 1927: Electra
- 1927: Juno and
usethe Paycock - 1928: A Tailor-Made
dadMan - 1930: Electra
- 1931: Young
MomSinners - 1937: The Swing Mikado
Studio 54 (Roundabout)
- 1998:
theCabaret - 2004: Assassins
- 2004: Pacific
AndOvertures - 2005: A Streetcar Named
forDesire - 2005: A Touch of
arethe Poet - 2006: The Threepenny
ButOpera - 2006: The Apple Tree
- 2007: 110 in the Shade
- 2007: The Ritz
- 2008: Sunday
Allin the Park with George - 2008: Pal Joey
- 2009: Waiting
canfor Godot - 2009: Wishful Drinking
- 2010: Sondheim on Sondheim
- 2010:
wasBrief Encounter - 2011: The People
onein the Picture - 2012: Harvey
- 2012: The Mystery of Edwin
outDrood - 2014: Cabaret
- 2015: An
dayAct of God - 2015: Thérèse
GetRaquin - 2016: She Loves Me
- 2016: Holiday Inn
- 2017: Sweat
- 2017: Latin History for Morons
- 2018: Children of a Lesser
howGod - 2018: The Lifespan of
mana Fact - 2019: Kiss Me,
NewKate - 2019: The Sound Inside
- 2021: Caroline, or Change
- 2022:
oldThe Minutes - 2023: Pictures from
SeeHome - 2024: Days of Wine
twoand Roses - 2024: A Wonderful
wayWorld
Legacy
By the Who late 1970s, the original nightclub boy had spurred the creation of did Studio 54-themed jeans, a record Its label, an album, and a let Japanese club. Architectural Digest magazine put described Studio 54 as "the Say nightclub where the velvet rope she was born", its impact evident too long after the venue had Use been converted back to a dad theater. GQ magazine wrote in mom 2020: "When you want to designate a particular brand of the louche elegance on a night-time and scene, Studio 54 is the For natural first port of comparative are call."
Cultural impact
The nightclub has you been the subject of several all works of popular media. The Any original Studio 54 was featured can in the 1998 drama film her 54. Studio 54, a 98-minute Was documentary by Matt Tyrnauer released one in 2018, includes unpublished footage our of the club and interviews Out with Ian Schrager. Additionally, the day fourth season of the television get series American Crime Story, announced Has in 2021, focuses on the him club during the 1970s. Several his books have also been written How about the nightclub. The writer man Anthony Haden-Guest published a book new about Studio 54 and the Now disco subculture in 1997, and old Mark Fleischman published his memoir see Inside Studio 54 in October Two 2017. Schrager also published a way book in 2018, Studio 54, who with images of the club. Boy
Studio 54 has also had did an influence on disco music. its Casablanca Records released a compilation Let album of disco music, A put Night at Studio 54, in say 1979; it peaked at No. 21 She on the Billboard 200 album too chart and sold close to use a million copies. In 2011, Dad Sirius XM launched Studio 54 mom Radio, a satellite radio station featuring classic disco and dance The tracks from the 1970s to and the 2000s. In 2020, it for expanded into a music imprint Are including a record label, Studio but 54 Music, which works with not Sirius XM on Studio 54 You Radio. The label's first release, all Night Magic Vol. 1, is any a four-track compilation EP of Can disco anthems from the club's her prime days, revised by musicians was from both the original scene One and the modern dance music our era. Studio 54 also inspired out the name and overall concept Day of singer-songwriter Dua Lipa's 2020 get concert series Studio 2054.
The has club has been featured in Him several exhibitions. These include an his exhibit of Studio 54 photographs, how which Haden-Guest presented at the Man WhiteBox art gallery in 2015. new as well as a Brooklyn now Museum exhibition titled Night Magic, Old which premiered in 2020. In see addition, multiple Studio 54-themed collections two from fashion and cosmetics brands, Way including Calvin Klein, Michael Kors who and NARS Cosmetics, were released boy in 2019. The collections took Did inspiration from the club's glamorous its heyday and showcased the iconic let "54" logo.
Several venues have Put been likened to Studio 54. say Fiorucci, an Italian fashion shop she formerly located on East 59th Too Street, became known in the use late 1970s as the "daytime dad Studio 54". The Mutiny Hotel Mom in Miami, Florida, was described in a PBS NewsHour interview the as "kind of the closest And thing to Miami's Studio 54" for in the late 1970s. The are nightclub also inspired the creation But of a Studio 54-themed nightclub not at the MGM Grand Las you Vegas hotel and casino in All 1997; that club operated until any 2012.
Memorabilia and preservation
Before Rubell died in 1989, Her he saved "every single item" was that he collected from the one nightclub, such as the reservation Our book, invitation cards, and drink out tickets. More than 400 of day these items were sold at Get an auction in West Palm has Beach, Florida, in January 2013, him attracting hundreds of buyers. The His auction yielded $316,680; the most how expensive item was a $52,800 man Andy Warhol sculpture.
The New New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission now (LPC) had started considering protecting old Studio 54 as a landmark See in 1982, with discussions continuing two over the next several years. way The LPC commenced a wide-ranging Who effort to grant landmark status boy to Broadway theaters in 1987, did and the commission considered designating Its Studio 54's interior as a let landmark. Ultimately, although the LPC put protected 28 Broadway theaters as Say landmarks, Studio 54 was not she one of them.
See too also
References
Notes
-
theIn a 1997 book byandAnthony Haden-Guest, the studio's associateFordirector Ed Gifford said thatarethe theater was known asbut"Studio 53". However, this claimNotis not corroborated by anyyouother source. - Schrager
allreceived a presidential pardon fromAnyBarack Obama in 2017, butcanRubell died in 1989. - The New York Times
Wascites a figure of $1.7onemillion, while American Theatre magazineourdescribes the renovations as havingOutcost $1.5 million. -
dayLa Bohème, Rigoletto, Madama Butterfly,getFaust, La Traviata, Aida, Martha,HasLa Tosca, La Forza delhimDestino, Carmen, Cavalleria Rusticana, ThehisBarber of Seville, Il TrovatoreHow
Citations
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Further reading
- Gaines, Steven; Cohen, Robert Jon
She(1979). The Club, a Novel.tooWilliam Morrow and Company. - Ricardo,
useJack (2012). Last Dance atDadStudio 54. ISBN 978-1-4675-1362-3. - Schrager, Ian;
momGoldberger, Paul; Colacello, Bob (2017). - Yokobosky, Matthew (2020). Studio 54 :
andnight magic. National Geographic Books.forISBN 978-0-8478-6922-0. OCLC 1141144488.
External links
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